Foundations of Business Process Modeling

This chapter provides an overview of business process management and business process modeling. We approach business process management by giving a historical classification of seminal work, and define it by the help of the business process management life cycle. Business process models play an important role in this life cycle, in particular, if information systems are used for executing processes. We deduct a defini - tion for business process modeling based on a discussion of modeling from a general information systems point of view. In the following, we detail business process modeling techniques, in particular, modeling languages and modeling procedures for business process modeling. Finally, we discuss some future trends with a focus on the business process execution language for Web services (BPEL), and conclude the chapter with a summary. The chapter aims to cover business process modeling in a comprehensive way such that academics and practitioners can use it as a reference for identifying more specialized works.

[1]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  MetaEdit - A Flexible Graphical Environment for Methodology Modelling , 1991, CAiSE.

[2]  Reinhard Schütte,et al.  The Guidelines of Modeling - An Approach to Enhance the Quality in Information Models , 1998, ER.

[3]  Volker Gruhn,et al.  What business process modelers can learn from programmers , 2007, Sci. Comput. Program..

[4]  Ron Weber,et al.  On the deep structure of information systems , 1995, Inf. Syst. J..

[5]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Bridging The Gap Between Business Models And Workflow Specifications , 2004, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[6]  Christian Huemer,et al.  Choreography of ebXML business collaborations , 2006, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[7]  C. Petri Kommunikation mit Automaten , 1962 .

[8]  Barry W. Boehm,et al.  Software Engineering Economics , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[9]  Frank Leymann,et al.  Production Workflow: Concepts and Techniques , 1999 .

[10]  Michael D. Zisman Use of production systems for modeling asynchronous, concurrent processes , 1977, SGAR.

[11]  Andreas Oberweis,et al.  An integrated approach for the specification of processes and related complex structured objects in business applications , 1996, Decis. Support Syst..

[12]  Eugene Miya,et al.  On "Software engineering" , 1985, SOEN.

[13]  Ron Weber,et al.  Research Commentary: Information Systems and Conceptual Modeling - A Research Agenda , 2002, Inf. Syst. Res..

[14]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Investigations on Soundness Regarding Lazy Activities , 2006, Business Process Management.

[15]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  An overview of workflow management: From process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure , 1995, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[16]  Thomas H. Davenport,et al.  Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology , 1992 .

[17]  Boudewijn F. van Dongen,et al.  Verification of EPCs: Using Reduction Rules and Petri Nets , 2005, CAiSE.

[18]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management , 1998, J. Circuits Syst. Comput..

[19]  Christoph Bussler,et al.  Workflow Management: Modeling Concepts, Architecture and Implementation , 1996 .

[20]  Dimitris Karagiannis,et al.  Ein Geschäftsprozessmanagement-Werkzeug der nächsten Generation — ADONIS: Konzeption und Anwendungen , 2000, Wirtschaftsinf..

[21]  Jan Mendling,et al.  From Inter-organizational Workflows to Process Execution: Generating BPEL from WS-CDL , 2005, OTM Workshops.

[22]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Towards Workflow Pattern Support of Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC) , 2005, XML4BPM@BTW.

[23]  Meichun Hsu,et al.  ObjectFlow: Towards a process management infrastructure , 1996, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[24]  Rik Eshuis,et al.  Semantics and Verification of UML Activity Diagrams for Workflow Modelling , 2002 .

[25]  Juliane Dehnert,et al.  Relaxed Soundness of Business Processes , 2001, CAiSE.

[26]  J. Austin How to do things with words , 1962 .

[27]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Verification of Workflow Nets , 1997, ICATPN.

[28]  Javier Esparza Reduction and Synthesis of Live and Bounded Free Choice Petri Nets , 1994, Inf. Comput..

[29]  Bernd Scholz-Reiter,et al.  Business Process Modelling , 2011 .

[30]  Daniel L. Moody,et al.  Theoretical and practical issues in evaluating the quality of conceptual models: current state and future directions , 2005, Data Knowl. Eng..

[31]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Detection and prediction of errors in EPC business process models , 2007 .

[32]  Rony G. Flatscher,et al.  Meta-Modellierung in EIA/CDIF , 1998 .

[33]  Guttorm Sindre,et al.  Evaluating the Quality of Process Models: Empirical Testing of a Quality Framework , 2002, ER.

[34]  Markus Nüttgens,et al.  Syntax und Semantik Ereignisgesteuerter Prozessketten (EPK) , 2002, Promise.

[35]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Potential pitfalls of process modeling: part A , 2006, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[36]  Fei Cao,et al.  Compiling business processes: untangling unstructured loops in irreducible flow graphs , 2006, Int. J. Web Grid Serv..

[37]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Business Process Management: 3rd International Conference, BPM 2005, Nancy, France, September 5-8, 2005, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) , 2005 .

[38]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Design Science in Information Systems Research , 2004, MIS Q..

[39]  Rainer Sommer,et al.  Comparison and evaluation of business process modelling and management tools , 2007, Int. J. Serv. Stand..

[40]  Marta Indulska,et al.  How do practitioners use conceptual modeling in practice? , 2006, Data Knowl. Eng..

[41]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Extending the Discussion of Model Quality: Why Clarity and Completeness may not always be enough , 2007, EMMSAD.

[42]  Colin Atkinson,et al.  Model-Driven Development: A Metamodeling Foundation , 2003, IEEE Softw..

[43]  C. A. Petri Fundamentals of a Theory of Asynchronous Information Flow , 1962, IFIP Congress.

[44]  Paul Grefen,et al.  A Three-Level Process Framework for Contract-Based Dynamic Service Outsourcing , 2003 .

[45]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Yet Another Event-Driven Process Chain , 2005, Business Process Management.

[46]  Clarence A. Ellis,et al.  Office Information Systems and Computer Science , 1980, CSUR.

[47]  James A. Hendler,et al.  The Semantic Web" in Scientific American , 2001 .

[48]  Gérard Berthelot,et al.  Checking properties of nets using transformation , 1985, Applications and Theory in Petri Nets.

[49]  M. Bunge Treatise on basic philosophy , 1974 .

[50]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Towards EPC Semantics based on State and Context , 2006, EPK.

[51]  Peter P. Chen The entity-relationship model: toward a unified view of data , 1975, VLDB '75.

[52]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Process Aware Information Systems: Bridging People and Software Through Process Technology , 2005 .

[53]  Jan Mendling,et al.  A Comparison of XML Interchange Formats for Business Process Modelling , 2004, EMISA.

[54]  Ekkart Kindler,et al.  On the semantics of EPCs: Resolving the vicious circle , 2006, Data Knowl. Eng..

[55]  Gérard Berthelot,et al.  Transformations and Decompositions of Nets , 1986, Advances in Petri Nets.

[56]  Hartmut Ehrig Petri Net Technology for communication-based systems : advances in Petri Nets , 2003 .

[57]  Juliane Dehnert Making EPC's fit for Workflow Management , 2002, EPK.

[58]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Diagnosing Workflow Processes using Woflan , 2001, Comput. J..

[59]  Susanne Strahringer,et al.  Metamodellierung als Instrument des Methodenvergleichs: eine Evaluierung am Beispiel objektorientierter Analysemethoden , 1996 .

[60]  Thomas Kühne,et al.  Matters of (Meta-) Modeling , 2006, Software & Systems Modeling.

[61]  Peter Wegner,et al.  Research directions in software technology , 1978, ICSE '78.

[62]  Kees M. van Hee,et al.  Consistency in model integration , 2006, Data Knowl. Eng..

[63]  Jörg Becker,et al.  Guidelines of Business Process Modeling , 2000, Business Process Management.

[64]  August-Wilhelm Scheer,et al.  ARIS - Business Process Frameworks , 1998 .

[65]  Andreas Oberweis,et al.  Information system behavior specification by high level Petri nets , 1996, TOIS.

[66]  M. Porter Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance , 1985 .

[67]  Norbert Szyperski,et al.  Information systems and organizational structure , 1975 .

[68]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  On the Suitability of BPMN for Business Process Modelling , 2006, Business Process Management.

[69]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  The temporal logic of programs , 1977, 18th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (sfcs 1977).

[70]  A. Koller,et al.  Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language , 1969 .

[71]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Translating BPMN to BPEL , 2006 .

[72]  Matjaz B. Juric,et al.  Business process execution language for web services , 2004 .

[73]  M. Hammer,et al.  REENGINEERING THE CORPORATION: A MANIFESTO FOR BUSINESS REVOLUTION , 1995 .

[74]  Moe Thandar Wynn,et al.  Achieving a General, Formal and Decidable Approach to the OR-Join in Workflow Using Reset Nets , 2005, ICATPN.

[75]  Theo P. van der Weide,et al.  Information modeling: The process and the required competencies of its participants , 2006, Data Knowl. Eng..

[76]  Fritz Nordsieck,et al.  Grundlagen der Organisationslehre , 1934 .

[77]  John Krogstie,et al.  Process models representing knowledge for action: a revised quality framework , 2006, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[78]  Michael Rosemann,et al.  Process Management: A Guide for the Design of Business Processes , 2011 .

[79]  Andreas Winter,et al.  An Overview of the GXL Graph Exchange Language , 2001, Software Visualization.

[80]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Conceptual Modeling of Workflows , 1995, Advances in Object-Oriented Data Modeling.

[81]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Workflow Patterns , 2004, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[82]  Jan Mendling,et al.  A quantitative analysis of faulty EPCs in the SAP reference model , 2006 .

[83]  Frederick Winslow Taylor,et al.  科学管理原理=The principles of scientific management , 2014 .

[84]  Jan Mendling,et al.  Experiences in Enhancing Existing BPM Tools with BPEL Import and Export , 2006, Business Process Management.

[85]  Peter Rittgen,et al.  Negotiating Models , 2007, CAiSE.

[86]  Manfred Reichert,et al.  Adeptflex—Supporting Dynamic Changes of Workflows Without Losing Control , 1998, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.

[87]  Colin Atkinson,et al.  The Essence of Multilevel Metamodeling , 2001, UML.

[88]  Moe Thandar Wynn,et al.  Reduction rules for YAWL workflows with cancellation regions and OR-joins , 2009, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[89]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Four paradigms of information systems development , 1989, CACM.

[90]  Kurt Sandkuhl,et al.  Participative Enterprise Modeling: Experiences and Recommendations , 2007, CAiSE.

[91]  Arne Sølvberg,et al.  Understanding quality in conceptual modeling , 1994, IEEE Software.

[92]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Design and Implementation of the YAWL System , 2004, CAiSE.

[93]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  MetaEdit+: A Fully Configurable Multi-User and Multi-Tool CASE and CAME Environment , 1996, CAiSE.

[94]  Tadao Murata,et al.  Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications , 1989, Proc. IEEE.

[95]  Henri Fayol Administration industrielle et générale , 1999 .

[96]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Pattern-Based Analysis of the Control-Flow Perspective of UML Activity Diagrams , 2005, ER.

[97]  Umeshwar Dayal,et al.  Business Process Coordination: State of the Art, Trends, and Open Issues , 2001, VLDB.

[98]  Colin Atkinson,et al.  Processes and Products in a Multi-Level Metamodeling Architecture , 2001, Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng..

[99]  Rik Eshuis,et al.  Comparing Petri Net and Activity Diagram Variants for Workflow Modelling - A Quest for Reactive Petri Nets , 2003, Petri Net Technology for Communication-Based Systems.

[100]  Peter Loos,et al.  Comparing the Control-Flow of EPC and Petri Net from the End-User Perspective , 2005, Business Process Management.

[101]  Kees M. van Hee,et al.  Workflow Management: Models, Methods, and Systems , 2002, Cooperative information systems.

[102]  Wolfgang Reisig,et al.  Lectures on Petri Nets I: Basic Models , 1996, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[103]  F. Nordsieck Die schaubildliche Erfassung und Untersuchung der Betriebsorganisation , 1932 .

[104]  Francisco Curbera,et al.  Web Services Business Process Execution Language Version 2.0 , 2007 .