Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in poultry.

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126. DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

[1]  C. Penn,et al.  Comparison of ribotyping and arbitrarily primed PCR for molecular typing of Salmonella enterica and relationships between strains on the basis of these molecular markers , 1998, Journal of applied microbiology.

[2]  J. Lupski,et al.  Short, interspersed repetitive DNA sequences in prokaryotic genomes , 1992, Journal of bacteriology.

[3]  H. Hamashima,et al.  Isolation and structure of a new integron that includes a streptomycin resistance gene from the R plasmid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. , 1995, FEMS microbiology letters.

[4]  J. Prescott,et al.  Salmonella typhimurium DT104: a virulent and drug-resistant pathogen. , 1998, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne.

[5]  E. Threlfall,et al.  Epidemic in cattle and humans of Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 with chromosomally integrated multiple drug resistance , 1994, Veterinary Record.

[6]  D. Vugia,et al.  Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Northern California. , 1999, JAMA.

[7]  J. Lupski,et al.  Differential subsequence conservation of interspersed repetitive Streptococcus pneumoniae BOX elements in diverse bacteria. , 1995, Genome research.

[8]  H. Schmieger,et al.  Transduction of multiple drug resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104. , 1999, FEMS microbiology letters.

[9]  J. Lupski.  Molecular epidemiology and its clinical application. , 1993, JAMA.

[10]  P. Marsh,et al.  Aerosol route enhances the contamination of intact eggs and muscle of experimentally infected laying hens by Salmonella typhimurium DT104. , 1999, FEMS microbiology letters.

[11]  P. Hunter,et al.  Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity , 1988, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[12]  D. O'flanagan,et al.  An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium food poisoning at a wedding reception. , 1999, Irish medical journal.

[13]  J. P. Reardon,et al.  Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in salmonella from animals and human beings in the United States. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  S. Rankin,et al.  Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104 isolates and investigation of strains with transferable apramycin resistance , 1997, Epidemiology and Infection.

[15]  J. A. Frost,et al.  Increasing spectrum of resistance in multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium , 1996, The Lancet.

[16]  E. Threlfall,et al.  Interrelationships between strains of Salmonella enteritidis belonging to phage types 4, 7, 7a, 8, 13, 13a, 23, 24 and 30. , 1993, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[17]  R M Hall,et al.  Gene cassettes: a new class of mobile element. , 1995, Microbiology.

[18]  M. L. Cohen,et al.  Drug-resistant Salmonella in the United States: an epidemiologic perspective. , 1986, Science.

[19]  J. Lupski,et al.  Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. , 1991, Nucleic acids research.

[20]  M. Glynn,et al.  Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  P. Marsh,et al.  Contamination of the contents of intact eggs by Salmonella typhimurium DT104 , 1998, Veterinary Record.

[22]  K Ferris,et al.  Prevalence of Salmonella organisms in swine feed. , 1997, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[23]  J. Lupski,et al.  SERE, a widely dispersed bacterial repetitive DNA element. , 1998, Journal of medical microbiology.

[24]  T. Besser,et al.  Salmonellosis associated with S typhimurium DT104 in the USA. , 1997, The Veterinary record.

[25]  J. Lupski,et al.  Whole-cell repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction allows rapid assessment of clonal relationships of bacterial isolates , 1993, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[26]  J. Wells,et al.  Toward a population genetic analysis of Salmonella: genetic diversity and relationships among strains of serotypes S. choleraesuis, S. derby, S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. heidelberg, S. infantis, S. newport, and S. typhimurium. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  M. Smith,et al.  Management and nutritional factors associated with the detection of Salmonella sp. from cattle fecal specimens from feedlot operations in the United States. , 1997, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[28]  P. Mead,et al.  Investigation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Washington State. , 1999, JAMA.

[29]  P. Fedorka-Cray,et al.  Epidemiologic aspects, control, and importance of multiple-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in the United States. , 1999, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.