Nondispersive hole transport in amorphous films of methoxy-spirofluorene-arylamine organic compound

Hole transport in the organic small molecule material 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4- methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (methoxy-spiro) is studied by three different experimental techniques: Time of flight (TOF), dark-injection space-charge-limited current transients and steady-state current–voltage characteristics, and over a wide range of electric fields, sample thicknesses and temperatures. It is shown that room-temperature mobilities measured by all three methods agree well over a range of studied thicknesses from 4 μm down to 135 nm. Temperature-dependent TOF measurements are analyzed within the Gaussian disorder model and the parameters of charge transport in this material are extracted. Comparison with the data reported for other spirolinked compounds indicate a significant increase of the mobility prefactor in the methoxy-spiro, which is attributed to the increased spread of the highest occupied molecular orbital wave function in this material.

[1]  Josef Salbeck,et al.  Low molecular organic glasses for blue electroluminescence , 1997 .

[2]  Josef Salbeck,et al.  Novel amorphous molecular materials for organic light-emitting devices , 1998, Optics & Photonics.

[3]  N. Armstrong,et al.  Joint Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of the Electronic Structure of 4,4'-Bis(N-m-tolyl-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (TPD) and Substituted Derivatives , 2001 .

[4]  Ladislav Kavan,et al.  Highly efficient semiconducting TiO2 photoelectrodes prepared by aerosol pyrolysis , 1995 .

[5]  Marco Piccirelli,et al.  High efficiency solid-state photovoltaic device due to inhibition of interface charge recombination , 2001 .

[6]  J. Salbeck,et al.  Field-Effect Mobility and Morphology Study in Amorphous Films of Symmetric and Unsymmetrical Spiro-Linked Compounds , 2002 .

[7]  Udo Bach,et al.  Characterization of Hole Transport in a New Class of Spiro‐Linked Oligotriphenylamine Compounds , 2000 .

[8]  Josef Salbeck,et al.  Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells with high photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies , 1998, Nature.

[9]  R. Friend,et al.  Built-in field electroabsorption spectroscopy of polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating a doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) hole injection layer , 1999 .

[10]  Borsenberger,et al.  Nondispersive-to-dispersive charge-transport transition in disordered molecular solids. , 1992, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[11]  Hiroshi Inada,et al.  Thermally stable multilared organic electroluminescent devices using novel starburst molecules, 4,4′,4″‐Tri(N‐carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA) and 4,4′,4″‐Tris(3‐methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m‐MTDATA), as hole‐transport materials , 1994 .

[12]  M. Štolka,et al.  Redox migration mechanism of charge transport in molecularly doped polymers , 1986 .

[13]  Dale S. Renfer,et al.  Hole transport in solid solutions of substituted triarylmethanes in bisphenol-A-polycarbonate , 1983 .

[14]  Damodar M. Pai,et al.  Hole transport in solid solutions of a diamine in polycarbonate , 1984 .

[15]  H. Bässler Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Photoconductors a Monte Carlo Simulation Study , 1993 .

[16]  Donal D. C. Bradley,et al.  Space-charge-limited charge injection from indium tin oxide into a starburst amine and its implications for organic light-emitting diodes , 1998 .

[17]  Weissberger Physical methods of chemistry , 1971 .

[18]  Bernard Kippelen,et al.  Impact of conformation on the dipole moment of bis-triarylamine derivatives , 2002 .

[19]  H. Bässler,et al.  An assessment of the role of dipoles on the density-of-states function of disordered molecular solids , 1993 .

[20]  Michael Grätzel,et al.  Improvement of the photovoltaic performance of solid-state dye-sensitized device by silver complexation of the sensitizer cis-bis(4,4 ' -dicarboxy-2,2 ' bipyridine)-bis(isothiocyanato) ruthenium(II) , 2002 .

[21]  Josef Salbeck,et al.  White Light Emission from Organic LEDs Utilizing Spiro Compounds with High‐Temperature Stability , 2000 .

[22]  A. Okada,et al.  High‐temperature operation of an electroluminescent device fabricated using a novel triphenylamine derivative , 1996 .

[23]  Stephen R. Forrest,et al.  Hole Transporting Materials with High Glass Transition Temperatures for Use in Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 1998 .

[24]  John A. Sinicropi,et al.  Hole transport in poly(styrene) doped with p-diarylaminostilbene molecules , 1997 .

[25]  M. Lampert,et al.  Current injection in solids , 1970 .

[26]  Donal D. C. Bradley,et al.  Transient and steady-state space-charge-limited currents in polyfluorene copolymer diode structures with ohmic hole injecting contacts , 2000 .

[27]  D. Bradley,et al.  Injection and charge transport in polyfluorene polymers , 2002 .

[28]  D. Pai,et al.  Comparison of the drift mobility measured under transient and steady-state conditions in a prototypical hopping system , 1986 .