The IRF family of transcription factors
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] Chunliu Zhu,et al. The Interferon Consensus Sequence-binding Protein (ICSBP/IRF8) Represses PTPN13 Gene Transcription in Differentiating Myeloid Cells* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[2] M. Lovett,et al. Abnormal skin, limb and craniofacial morphogenesis in mice deficient for interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6) , 2006, Nature Genetics.
[3] G. Stein,et al. Cell Cycle Regulation of Histone H4 Gene Transcription Requires the Oncogenic Factor IRF-2* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[4] K. Strasser-Weippl,et al. Expression of MUM1/IRF4 mRNA as a prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma , 2008, Leukemia.
[5] P. Sideras,et al. Low expression of interferon regulatory factor‐1 and identification of novel exons skipping in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia , 2002, British journal of haematology.
[6] M. Schmidt,et al. Expression of nuclear transcription factor interferon consensus sequence binding protein in chronic myeloid leukemia correlates with pretreatment risk features and cytogenetic response to interferon-alpha. , 2001, Blood.
[7] J. Hiscott,et al. In vivo interferon regulatory factor 3 tumor suppressor activity in B16 melanoma tumors. , 2002, Cancer research.
[8] Paul Shinn,et al. Exploiting synthetic lethality for the therapy of ABC diffuse large B cell lymphoma. , 2012, Cancer cell.
[9] K. Hölzle,et al. Down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 4 gene expression in leukemic cells due to hypermethylation of CpG motifs in the promoter region , 2005, Nucleic acids research.
[10] J. Pagano. Epstein-Barr virus: the first human tumor virus and its role in cancer. , 1999, Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians.
[11] D. Levy,et al. Inhibition of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7)-Mediated Interferon Signal Transduction by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral IRF Homolog vIRF3 , 2007, Journal of Virology.
[12] E. Appella,et al. Human interferon consensus sequence binding protein is a negative regulator of enhancer elements common to interferon-inducible genes. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.
[13] C. Tunyaplin,et al. ICSBP/IRF-8 inhibits mitogenic activity of p210 Bcr/Abl in differentiating myeloid progenitor cells. , 2003, Blood.
[14] A. Bowie,et al. Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-kappaB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-kappaB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-kappaB and IRF3 signaling by toll-like receptors. , 2004, The Journal of biological chemistry.
[15] D. Levy,et al. Interferon-alpha regulates nuclear translocation and DNA-binding affinity of ISGF3, a multimeric transcriptional activator. , 1990, Genes & development.
[16] B. Marinari,et al. A regulatory feedback loop involving p63 and IRF6 links the pathogenesis of 2 genetically different human ectodermal dysplasias. , 2010, The Journal of clinical investigation.
[17] Zhijian J. Chen,et al. Antiviral innate immunity pathways , 2006, Cell Research.
[18] A. Feldman,et al. Recurrent translocations involving the IRF4 oncogene locus in peripheral T-cell lymphomas , 2008, Leukemia.
[19] T. Taniguchi,et al. Identification and characterization of nucleophosmin/B23/numatrin which binds the anti-oncogenic transcription factor IRF-1 and manifests oncogenic activity , 1997, Oncogene.
[20] K. Honda,et al. Integration of interferon-alpha/beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence. , 2003, Nature.
[21] L. Hofbauer,et al. Interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP; IRF-8) antagonizes BCR/ABL and down-regulates bcl-2. , 2004, Blood.
[22] L. Staudt,et al. IRF4: Immunity. Malignancy! Therapy? , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.
[23] A. Dolnikov,et al. A retroviral library genetic screen identifies IRF-2 as an inhibitor of N-ras-induced growth suppression in leukemic cells , 2005, Oncogene.
[24] K. C. Oliveira,et al. Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni genes shared with Deuterostomia and with possible roles in host interactions , 2007, BMC Genomics.
[25] T. Taniguchi,et al. Suppression of c-myc or fosB-induced cell transformation by the transcription factor IRF-1. , 1994, Cancer Letters.
[26] Kebin Liu,et al. Coordinate Regulation of IFN Consensus Sequence-Binding Protein and Caspase-1 in the Sensitization of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis by IFN-γ , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.
[27] K. Ozato,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 Regulates Cell Growth through Its Acetylation* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[28] M. Offermann. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded interferon regulator factors. , 2007, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.
[29] Paul J Hertzog,et al. Silencing of Irf7 pathways in breast cancer cells promotes bone metastasis through immune escape , 2012, Nature Medicine.
[30] J Isola,et al. Molecular cytogenetics of primary breast cancer by CGH , 1998, Genes, chromosomes & cancer.
[31] M. Hardy,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Is a Cellular Partner of Rotavirus NSP1 , 2002, Journal of Virology.
[32] D. Kalvakolanu,et al. The interferon-inducible murine p48 (ISGF3g) gene is regulated by protooncogene c-myc (transcriptionycell growthycytotoxic drugsyresistance) , 1997 .
[33] A. Bowie,et al. Poxvirus Protein N1L Targets the I-κB Kinase Complex, Inhibits Signaling to NF-κB by the Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily of Receptors, and Inhibits NF-κB and IRF3 Signaling by Toll-like Receptors* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[34] Hideo Negishi,et al. IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses , 2005, Nature.
[35] T. Taniguchi,et al. Loss of transcription factor IRF-1 affects tumor susceptibility in mice carrying the Ha-ras transgene or nullizygosity for p53. , 1999, Genes & development.
[36] T. Taniguchi,et al. Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-β gene regulatory elements , 1988, Cell.
[37] M. Barro,et al. Rotavirus NSP1 Inhibits Expression of Type I Interferon by Antagonizing the Function of Interferon Regulatory Factors IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 , 2007, Journal of Virology.
[38] J. Pagano,et al. TRAF6 and the Three C-Terminal Lysine Sites on IRF7 Are Required for Its Ubiquitination-Mediated Activation by the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family Member Latent Membrane Protein 1 , 2008, Molecular and Cellular Biology.
[39] Michael G Tovey,et al. GAAP‐1: a transcriptional activator of p53 and IRF‐1 possesses pro‐apoptotic activity , 2002, EMBO reports.
[40] M. Colonna. TLR pathways and IFN‐regulatory factors: To each its own , 2007, European journal of immunology.
[41] K. Ozato,et al. Inhibition of p300 Histone Acetyltransferase by Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.
[42] S. Namkoong,et al. Interferon regulatory factor‐1 mediates interferon‐γ‐induced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells , 2002 .
[43] J. Hiscott,et al. Transcription factor IRF-2 exerts its oncogenic phenotype through the DNA binding/transcription repression domain. , 1995, Oncogene.
[44] T. Taniguchi,et al. An IRF-1-dependent pathway of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in mitogen-activated T lymphocytes , 1995, Nature.
[45] T. Taniguchi,et al. Molecular cloning of LSIRF, a lymphoid-specific member of the interferon regulatory factor family that binds the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). , 1995, Nucleic acids research.
[46] T. Taniguchi,et al. The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis. , 2008, Annual review of immunology.
[47] C. Der,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Is Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Has Oncogenic Properties , 2004, Journal of Virology.
[48] A. Karpova,et al. Identification of TRAIL as an Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Transcriptional Target , 2005, Journal of Virology.
[49] U. Storb,et al. Pip, a novel IRF family member, is a lymphoid-specific, PU.1-dependent transcriptional activator. , 1995, Genes & development.
[50] Jong-Sup Park,et al. Inactivation of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Tumor Suppressor Protein by HPV E7 Oncoprotein , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[51] Hideo Negishi,et al. Integration of interferon-α/β signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence , 2003, Nature.
[52] T. Taniguchi,et al. The oncogenic transcription factor IRF-2 possesses a transcriptional repression and a latent activation domain. , 1994, Oncogene.
[53] A. Bielawska,et al. IRF8 regulates acid ceramidase expression to mediate apoptosis and suppresses myelogeneous leukemia. , 2011, Cancer research.
[54] Mary J. C. Hendrix,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Is Regulated by the Proteasome in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner , 2008, Molecular and Cellular Biology.
[55] J. Russo,et al. Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8). , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[56] N. Reich,et al. Apoptosis is promoted by the dsRNA‐activated factor (DRAF1) during viral infection independent of the action of interferon or p53 , 2001, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
[57] J. Darnell,et al. Cytoplasmic activation of ISGF3, the positive regulator of interferon-alpha-stimulated transcription, reconstituted in vitro. , 1989, Genes & development.
[58] P. Pitha,et al. Functional Analysis of Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and Its Association with Cellular Interferon Regulatory Factors and p300 , 1999, Journal of Virology.
[59] B. Barnes,et al. Signaling through IFN regulatory factor-5 sensitizes p53-deficient tumors to DNA damage-induced apoptosis and cell death. , 2005, Cancer research.
[60] M. Lung,et al. Epigenetic disruption of interferon-γ response through silencing the tumor suppressor interferon regulatory factor 8 in nasopharyngeal, esophageal and multiple other carcinomas , 2008, Oncogene.
[61] C. Boshoff,et al. Molecular Mimicry of Human Cytokine and Cytokine Response Pathway Genes by KSHV , 1996, Science.
[62] al. et,et al. Deletion of IRF-1, mapping to chromosome 5q31.1, in human leukemia and preleukemic myelodysplasia , 1993, Science.
[63] T. Taniguchi,et al. Functionally inactivating point mutation in the tumor‐suppressor IRF‐1 gene identified in human gastric cancer , 1998, International journal of cancer.
[64] T. Taniguchi,et al. Crystal structure of an IRF‐DNA complex reveals novel DNA recognition and cooperative binding to a tandem repeat of core sequences , 1999, The EMBO journal.
[65] T. Taniguchi,et al. Interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors and regulation of oncogenesis , 2008, Cancer science.
[66] B. Klein,et al. Deregulation of MUM1/IRF4 by chromosomal translocation in multiple myeloma , 1997, Nature Genetics.
[67] Lucia Gabriele,et al. The feedback phase of type I interferon induction in dendritic cells requires interferon regulatory factor 8. , 2007, Immunity.
[68] Michael O. Kelleher,et al. Role of Mdm2 acid domain interactions in recognition and ubiquitination of the transcription factor IRF-2. , 2009, The Biochemical journal.
[69] J. Hiscott,et al. The IRF-3 Transcription Factor Mediates Sendai Virus-Induced Apoptosis , 2000, Journal of Virology.
[70] Jeffrey C. Murray,et al. Mutations in IRF6 cause Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes , 2002, Nature Genetics.
[71] S. Joshi,et al. IRF4 Is a Suppressor of c-Myc Induced B Cell Leukemia , 2011, PloS one.
[72] Y. Yatabe,et al. Aberrant expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 in human lung cancer. , 2010, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
[73] Borivoj Vojtesek,et al. A Multiprotein Binding Interface in an Intrinsically Disordered Region of the Tumor Suppressor Protein Interferon Regulatory Factor-1* , 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[74] T. Akaike,et al. IRF-1 is an essential mediator in IFN-gamma-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of primary cultured hepatocytes. , 1999, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
[75] T. Taniguchi,et al. Distinct and Essential Roles of Transcription Factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in Response to Viruses for IFN-α/β Gene Induction , 2000 .
[76] Qiang Sun,et al. Functional Analysis of a Dominant Negative Mutation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 , 2009, PloS one.
[77] T. Taniguchi,et al. IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense. , 2001, Annual review of immunology.
[78] J. Darnell,et al. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. , 1994, Science.
[79] P. Pitha,et al. The IRF family, revisited. , 2007, Biochimie.
[80] M Kitagawa,et al. Anti-oncogenic and oncogenic potentials of interferon regulatory factors-1 and -2 , 1993, Science.
[81] K. Honda,et al. Role of IFN regulatory factor 5 transcription factor in antiviral immunity and tumor suppression , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[82] M. Vidal,et al. Human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein binds to interferon regulatory factor-3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity. , 1998, Genes & development.
[83] M. Schmidt,et al. Expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 in chronic myeloid leukemia: correlation with response to interferon alfa therapy. , 2000, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
[84] N. Clarke,et al. A ChIP–chip approach reveals a novel role for transcription factor IRF1 in the DNA damage response , 2009, Nucleic acids research.
[85] Michael J Dixon,et al. Irf6 is a key determinant of the keratinocyte proliferation-differentiation switch , 2006, Nature Genetics.
[86] H. Hausen. Papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to clinical application , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.
[87] J. Hiscott,et al. The growing family of interferon regulatory factors. , 1997, Cytokine & growth factor reviews.
[88] T. Taniguchi,et al. Regulation of immunity and oncogenesis by the IRF transcription factor family , 2010, Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.
[89] Yusuke Nakamura,et al. Identification of the interferon regulatory factor 5 gene (IRF-5) as a direct target for p53 , 2002, Oncogene.
[90] R. Césaire,et al. Repression of DNA repair mechanisms in IRF-4-expressing and HTLV-I-infected T lymphocytes. , 2005, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.
[91] N. Rohland,et al. The Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus-encoded vIRF-3 Inhibits Cellular IRF-5* , 2009, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[92] M. Karin,et al. The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4 , 2004, Nature.
[93] S. Nishizuka,et al. Two distinct regions of deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5 in differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach. , 1996, Cancer research.
[94] H. Kwon,et al. Interferon regulatory factors: the next generation. , 1999, Gene.
[95] E. Kieff,et al. IRF7 activation by Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 requires localization at activation sites and TRAF6, but not TRAF2 or TRAF3 , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[96] M. Hameed,et al. Loss of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) expression in human ductal carcinoma correlates with disease stage and contributes to metastasis , 2011, Breast Cancer Research.
[97] R. Hrdličková,et al. Dynamic evolution of immune system regulators: the history of the interferon regulatory factor family. , 2009, Molecular biology and evolution.
[98] G. Daley,et al. Expression of interferon consensus sequence binding protein induces potent immunity against BCR/ABL-induced leukemia. , 2001, Blood.
[99] Kyoungsook Park,et al. Elevated level of SUMOylated IRF-1 in tumor cells interferes with IRF-1-mediated apoptosis , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[100] M. Hendrix,et al. IRF6 in development and disease: A mediator of quiescence and differentiation , 2008, Cell cycle.
[101] H. Hauser,et al. Protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions affect the activity of lymphoid-specific IFN regulatory factors. , 1999, Journal of immunology.
[102] V. Bilim,et al. Role of IRF‐1 and caspase‐7 in IFN‐γ enhancement of Fas‐mediated apoptosis in ACHN renal cell carcinoma cells , 2003 .
[103] L. Cantley,et al. Interferon regulatory factor-3 is an in vivo target of DNA-PK , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[104] G. Doherty,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor Expression in Human Breast Cancer , 2001, Annals of surgery.
[105] P. Pitha,et al. Interferon regulatory factor 5, a novel mediator of cell cycle arrest and cell death. , 2003, Cancer research.
[106] K. Honda,et al. IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors , 2006, Nature Reviews Immunology.
[107] J. Yim,et al. Oncogenic Potential of a Dominant Negative Mutant of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[108] D. Xie,et al. IRF-2 is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer and promotes the growth of pancreatic cancer cells , 2012, Tumor Biology.
[109] E. Appella,et al. An interferon gamma-regulated protein that binds the interferon-inducible enhancer element of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[110] T. Taniguchi,et al. Accelerated exon skipping of IRF-1 mRNA in human myelodysplasia/leukemia; a possible mechanism of tumor suppressor inactivation. , 1994, Oncogene.
[111] P. Pitha,et al. Functional Analysis of Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and Its Association with Cellular Interferon Regulatory Factors and p 300 , 1999 .
[112] P. Tailor,et al. The Interferon Regulatory Factor Family in Host Defense: Mechanism of Action* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[113] G. Dotto,et al. IRF6 is a mediator of Notch pro‐differentiation and tumour suppressive function in keratinocytes , 2011, The EMBO journal.
[114] T. Taniguchi,et al. Cooperation of the tumour suppressors IRF-1 and p53 in response to DNA damage , 1996, Nature.
[115] Takashi Miyata,et al. Structurally similar but functionally distinct factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, bind to the same regulatory elements of IFN and IFN-inducible genes , 1989, Cell.
[116] J. Waring,et al. Lack of interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) transcripts in human myeloid leukemias. , 1998, Blood.
[117] P. Tailor,et al. Interferon Regulatory Factor-8 Is Indispensable for the Expression of Promyelocytic Leukemia and the Formation of Nuclear Bodies in Myeloid Cells* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[118] P. Pitha,et al. Unique properties of a second human herpesvirus 8-encoded interferon regulatory factor (vIRF-2). , 1999, Journal of human virology.
[119] A. Bowie,et al. Viral targeting of DEAD box protein 3 reveals its role in TBK1/IKKε‐mediated IRF activation , 2008, The EMBO journal.
[120] J. Waring,et al. Immunodeficiency and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia-like Syndrome in Mice with a Targeted Mutation of the ICSBP Gene , 1996, Cell.
[121] T. Taniguchi,et al. A novel interferon regulatory factor family transcription factor, ICSAT/Pip/LSIRF, that negatively regulates the activity of interferon-regulated genes , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.
[122] S. Imbeaud,et al. Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma , 2012, Nature Genetics.
[123] T. Taniguchi,et al. Cellular commitment to oncogene-induced transformation or apoptosis is dependent on the transcription factor IRF-1 , 1994, Cell.
[124] R. Ren,et al. Expression of Interferon Consensus Sequence Binding Protein (ICSBP) Is Downregulated in Bcr-Abl-Induced Murine Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia-Like Disease, and Forced Coexpression of ICSBP Inhibits Bcr-Abl-Induced Myeloproliferative Disorder , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.
[125] A. Dolnikov,et al. N-ras-induced growth suppression of myeloid cells is mediated by IRF-1. , 2005, Cancer research.
[126] Shujian Wu,et al. Activation of a cell-cycle-regulated histone gene by the oncogenic transcription factor IRF-2 , 1995, Nature.
[127] T. Yamagata,et al. ICSAT overexpression is not sufficient to cause adult T-cell leukemia or multiple myeloma. , 1999, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
[128] D. Kalvakolanu,et al. The interferon-inducible murine p48 (ISGF3gamma) gene is regulated by protooncogene c-myc. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[129] Stanley M Lemon,et al. Immune evasion by hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease-mediated cleavage of the Toll-like receptor 3 adaptor protein TRIF. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[130] G. Hayward,et al. The KSHV immediate-early transcription factor RTA encodes ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that targets IRF7 for proteosome-mediated degradation. , 2005, Immunity.
[131] N. Satoh,et al. Common deleted region on the long arm of chromosome 5 in esophageal carcinoma. , 1996, Gastroenterology.
[132] L. Staudt,et al. IRF4 addiction in multiple myeloma , 2008, Nature.
[133] Taeil Kim,et al. Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 in Response to DNA-damaging Agents* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
[134] T. Taniguchi,et al. A cell-type-specific requirement for IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in Fas-induced apoptosis , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[135] R. Clarke,et al. Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the interferon regulatory factor-1 gene locus in breast cancer , 2010, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.
[136] M. Tainsky,et al. Epigenetic Silencing of IRF7 and/or IRF5 in Lung Cancer Cells Leads to Increased Sensitivity to Oncolytic Viruses , 2011, PloS one.
[137] Michael O. Kelleher,et al. Regulation of the IRF-1 tumour modifier during the response to genotoxic stress involves an ATM-dependent signalling pathway , 2002, Oncogene.
[138] Michael Karin,et al. Inflammation meets cancer, with NF-κB as the matchmaker , 2011, Nature Immunology.
[139] G. Sonenshein,et al. Lysyl Oxidase Inhibits Ras-Mediated Transformation by Preventing Activation of NF-κB , 2003, Molecular and Cellular Biology.
[140] Y. Miyagi,et al. Genome-wide cDNA microarray screening of genes related to survival in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer. , 2006, Oncology reports.
[141] K. Ozato,et al. Repression of IFN regulatory factor 8 by DNA methylation is a molecular determinant of apoptotic resistance and metastatic phenotype in metastatic tumor cells. , 2007, Cancer research.
[142] Sonia Sharma,et al. Repression of IRF-4 target genes in human T cell leukemia virus-1 infection , 2002, Oncogene.