Effect of phytase on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal tight junction and nutrient transporter genes in pigs.

The study was conducted to determine the effects of high levels of phytase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, phytate breakdown and expression of mucosal tight junction and nutrient transporter genes in weanling pigs. A total of 128 barrows were penned in groups of four and used in a randomized completely block design and assigned to four treatments for a 28-day study. A 2-phase feeding was implemented (phase 1, d1-14; phase 2 d15-28). The diets differed in dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels (positive control (PC):8.1 to 7.1 g/kg Ca; 6.5 to 6.8 g/kg P; negative control (NC):6.6 to 5.5 g/kg Ca; 5.6 to 5.3 g/kg P) from phase 1 to phase 2 respectively. NC diets were supplemented with phytase at 0 (NC); 1500 (NC+1500) or 3000 (NC+3000) phytase units (FTU)/kg. Blood was collected after fasting (d 27) or feeding (d 28) for measurement of plasma inositol concentrations. On d 28, two pigs per pen were euthanized. Duodenal-jejunal and ileal digesta samples and feces were collected to determine inositol phosphates (InsP3-6) concentrations. Phytase supplementation increased body weight (BW) on d 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency compared to NC were increased by phytase with the majority of its effect in phase 1 (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal P digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract P digestibility (ATTD) were increased in piglets fed phytase-supplemented diets (P < 0.01) compared to NC piglets. Disappearance of InsP6 and total InsP3-6 up to the duodenum-jejunum, ileum and in feces was increased by both phytase application rates (P < 0.01). Plasma concentrations of myo-inositol were higher (P < 0.001) in the phytase supplemented diets than PC and NC diets, irrespective of whether pigs were fed or fasted. Expression of claudin 3 was higher in pigs fed both phytase supplemented diets in the duodenum and jejunum compared to PC and NC. MUC2 expression was lower in the ileum of NC+3000 fed piglets compared to PC (P < 0.05), whereas expression of GLUT2 was increased (P < 0.05) by the NC+3000 treatment in all sections. In summary, high phytase supplementation increased growth performance of nursery pig. The increased expression of GLUT2 by phytase may indicate an upregulation of glucose absorption from the intestine by phytase.

[1]  Zelin Chen,et al.  Transcriptome changes underlie alterations in behavioral traits in different types of chicken. , 2020, Journal of animal science.

[2]  J. Seifert,et al.  Phytate degradation cascade in pigs as affected by phytase supplementation and rapeseed cake inclusion in corn–soybean meal-based diets , 2020, Journal of animal science.

[3]  K. Huber,et al.  Myo-inositol: its metabolism and potential implications for poultry nutrition—a review , 2019, Poultry science.

[4]  M. Rodehutscord,et al.  Effect of microbial phytase supplementation on P digestibility in pigs: a meta-analysis , 2019, Archives of animal nutrition.

[5]  Wenshu Zou,et al.  l-Arginine alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the AMPK pathway , 2019, Molecular Biology Reports.

[6]  C. Brearley,et al.  Effect of phytase on intestinal phytate breakdown, plasma inositol concentrations and glucose transporter type 4 abundance in muscle membranes of weanling pigs. , 2019, Journal of animal science.

[7]  A. Cowieson,et al.  Extra-phosphoric effects of super dosing phytase on growth performance of pigs is not solely due to release of myo-inositol. , 2019, Journal of animal science.

[8]  G. Dusel,et al.  Increasing the dosing of a Buttiauxella phytase improves phytate degradation, mineral, energy, and amino acid digestibility in weaned pigs fed a complex diet based on wheat, corn, soybean meal, barley, and rapeseed meal1 , 2019, Journal of animal science.

[9]  G. Shurson,et al.  Dietary fiber sources and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes modify mucin expression and the immune profile of the swine ileum , 2018, PloS one.

[10]  H. Miller,et al.  Super-dosing phytase improves the growth performance of weaner pigs fed a low iron diet , 2018, Animal Feed Science and Technology.

[11]  M. Rodehutscord,et al.  Interactive effects of phosphorus, calcium, and phytase supplements on products of phytate degradation in the digestive tract of broiler chickens , 2018, Poultry science.

[12]  M. Rodehutscord,et al.  Influence of phytase or myo-inositol supplements on performance and phytate degradation products in the crop, ileum, and blood of broiler chickens , 2017, Poultry science.

[13]  A. Cowieson,et al.  Time-series responses of swine plasma metabolites to ingestion of diets containing myo-inositol or phytase , 2017, British Journal of Nutrition.

[14]  J. Möhring,et al.  Ruminal phytate degradation of maize grain and rapeseed meal in vitro and as affected by phytate content in donor animal diets and inorganic phosphorus in the buffer , 2017, Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.

[15]  A. Nusrat,et al.  Intestinal epithelial claudins: expression and regulation in homeostasis and inflammation , 2017, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[16]  M. Bedford,et al.  Inositol - An effective growth promotor? , 2016 .

[17]  C. Walk,et al.  Chapter 6 Low phytate nutrition – what is the pig and poultry industry doing to counter dietary phytate as an anti-nutrient and how is it being applied? , 2016 .

[18]  K. Männer,et al.  Effect of dietary phytase level on intestinal phytate degradation and bone mineralization in growing pigs , 2016 .

[19]  P. Guggenbuhl,et al.  Effect of a bacterial 6-phytase on plasma myo-inositol concentrations and P and Ca utilization in swine , 2016 .

[20]  C. Brearley,et al.  The effect of high phytase doses on phytate degradation and myo-inositol release in the grower pig , 2016 .

[21]  H. Stein,et al.  Phytate destruction - Consequences for precision animal nutrition , 2016 .

[22]  A. Cowieson,et al.  Possible involvement of myo-inositol in the physiological response of broilers to high doses of microbial phytase , 2015 .

[23]  M. Witzig,et al.  Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers1,2. , 2015, Poultry science.

[24]  J. O’Doherty,et al.  Improvements in growth performance, bone mineral status and nutrient digestibility in pigs following the dietary inclusion of phytase are accompanied by modifications in intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression. , 2014, The British journal of nutrition.

[25]  T. SantosT.,et al.  Performance and bone characteristics of growing pigs fed diets marginally deficient in available phosphorus and a novel microbial phytase , 2014 .

[26]  M. Bedford,et al.  Influence of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase on growth performance, tibia ash, and gizzard phytate and inositol in young broilers. , 2014, Poultry science.

[27]  O. Adeola,et al.  True digestible phosphorus requirement of 10- to 20-kg pigs. , 2013, Journal of animal science.

[28]  A. Cowieson,et al.  The effect of microbial phytase and myo-inositol on performance and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed wheat/corn-based diets. , 2013, Poultry science.

[29]  C. K. Gehring,et al.  Extra-phosphoric effects of phytase with and without xylanase in corn-soybean meal-based diets fed to broilers. , 2013, Poultry science.

[30]  A. WoyengoT.,et al.  Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry - current knowledge and directions for future research , 2013 .

[31]  J. R. Bradley,et al.  Extra-phosphoric effects of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase. , 2013, Poultry science.

[32]  T. Applegate,et al.  Cloning, Annotation and Developmental Expression of the Chicken Intestinal MUC2 Gene , 2013, PloS one.

[33]  V. Fajardo,et al.  Influence of Phospholipid Species on Membrane Fluidity: A Meta-analysis for a Novel Phospholipid Fluidity Index , 2011, The Journal of Membrane Biology.

[34]  K. Macklin,et al.  Effects of phytase supplementation in broiler diets on a natural Eimeria challenge in naive and vaccinated birds. , 2011, Poultry science.

[35]  J. Nougayrède,et al.  Deoxynivalenol impairs porcine intestinal barrier function and decreases the protein expression of claudin-4 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. , 2010, The Journal of nutrition.

[36]  B. Slominski,et al.  Multi-carbohydrase and phytase supplementation improves growth performance and liver insulin receptor sensitivity in broiler chickens fed diets containing full-fat rapeseed. , 2010, Poultry science.

[37]  C. Nyachoti,et al.  Ileal digestibility and endogenous flow of minerals and amino acids: responses to dietary phytic acid in piglets , 2009, British Journal of Nutrition.

[38]  R. Tempelman,et al.  Gene expression profiling in hepatic tissue of newly weaned pigs fed pharmacological zinc and phytase supplemented diets , 2008, BMC Genomics.

[39]  O. Adeola,et al.  Phytic acid increases mucin and endogenous amino acid losses from the gastrointestinal tract of chickens , 2008, British Journal of Nutrition.

[40]  P. Williams,et al.  Corn expressing an Escherichia coli-derived phytase gene: a proof-of-concept nutritional study in pigs. , 2007, Journal of animal science.

[41]  S. Świątkiewicz,et al.  Towards complete dephosphorylation and total conversion of phytates in poultry feeds. , 2004, Poultry science.

[42]  B. Hess,et al.  Technical note: a procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide. , 2004, Journal of animal science.

[43]  D. Baker,et al.  Efficacy of an E. coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs. , 2003, Journal of animal science.

[44]  J. Pappenheimer.  Intestinal Absorption of Hexoses and Amino Acids: From Apical Cytosol to Villus Capillaries , 2001, The Journal of Membrane Biology.

[45]  G. Rechkemmer,et al.  Degradation of phytate in the gut of pigs ‐ pathway of gastrointestinal inositol phosphate hydrolysis and enzymes involved , 2001, Archiv fur Tierernahrung.

[46]  G. Kellett.  The facilitated component of intestinal glucose absorption , 2001, The Journal of physiology.

[47]  E. Kornegay,et al.  Replacement of inorganic phosphorus by microbial phytase for young pigs fed on a maiz–soyabean-meal diet , 1996, British Journal of Nutrition.

[48]  K. Miyamoto,et al.  Differential responses of intestinal glucose transporter mRNA transcripts to levels of dietary sugars. , 1993, The Biochemical journal.

[49]  K E Knudsen,et al.  Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting of oat fractions rich in β-D-glucan , 1993, British Journal of Nutrition.

[50]  T. Larsen,et al.  High dietary calcium level decreases colonic phytate degradation in pigs fed a rapeseed diet. , 1993, The Journal of nutrition.

[51]  M. Cheryan,et al.  Effects of Phytic Acid, Divalent Cations, and Their Interactions on α‐Amylase Activity , 1984 .

[52]  A. D. Krikorian,et al.  Inhibition of trypsin activity in vitro by phytate , 1982 .

[53]  W. Horwitz.  Official Methods of Analysis , 1980 .