Assistance aux conducteurs âgés: Analyse de l’activité pour la conception de futures fonctions de monitorage de la conduite automobile

L’autonomie et la mobilite individuelle des personnes âgees representent un enjeu societal important pour de nombreux pays. Or conduire est une activite complexe qui peut representer un risque potentiel pour les conducteurs âges, dont les capacites perceptives, cognitives ou motrices ont decline. Pour maintenir la mobilite des aines tout en favorisant une securite routiere pour tous, les systemes d’assistance constituent une reponse potentielle au soutien de la conduite des conducteurs âges. Pour concevoir de tels systemes, il est necessaire d’observer et d’analyser l’activite de conduite des âges en situation naturelle (au volant d’un vehicule instrumente evoluant dans la circulation, sur route ouverte). Cette investigation vise a identifier des difficultes rencontrees sur la route par ces conducteurs, afin de specifier ergonomiquement puis de concevoir des systemes d’assistance adaptes aux besoins reels de cette population, en s’appuyant notamment sur des fonctions de « monitorage » permettant d’apporter une aide adaptee au contexte de conduite. Cet article introduit cette methode de « Conception Centree sur l’Humain » mise en place dans le cadre de cette recherche, et illustre notre demarche (aux moyens d’exemples concrets) d’analyse fine de l’activite de conduite des conducteurs âges, a des futures fins de conception ergonomique de systemes d’aide a la conduite adaptes aux besoins specifiques des seniors (E-ADAS : Elderly-Adapted Driving Assistance Systems ).

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