Degrees of Freedom in Dynamic and Static Systems

can exceed the static, the difference being equal to the number of independent hold-ups which are undetermined at steady state. Addition of control loops can make dynamic and static numbers of degrees of fteedom equal, if they were not previously, but not every control system changes the number of degrees of freedom. A distillaticn column i s used as a special example, and the results of applying the present analysis are compared with those of previous writers.