Robust Detection for Chipless RFID Tags Based on Compact Printable Alphabets

This work presents a novel technique for designing chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which, unlike the traditional tags with complex geometries, are both compact and printable. The tags themselves are alphabets, which offers the advantage of efficient visual recognition of the transmitted data in real-time via radio frequency (RF) waves. In this study, the alphabets (e.g., a, b and c) are realized by using copper etching on a thin dielectric substrate (TLX-8) backed by a ground plane. It is shown that the original signature of the frequency response of the backscattered radar cross-section (RCS) of the letter, displays dips that are unique to the individual letters. The tags have been simulated, fabricated and their monostatic cross-sections have been measured by using a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna in the frequency band ranging from 6 to 13 GHz. The study also includes, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the impact of changing the shape of the tag owing to variation in the font type, size, spacing, and orientation. The proposed letters of the alphabet are easily printable on the tag and provide an efficient way to visually recognized them and, hence, to detect them in a robust way, even with a low coding density of 2.63 bit/cm2. The advantages of the proposed novel identification method, i.e., utilization of the both co- and cross-polar RCS characteristics for the printable clipless RFID tags are the enhancement of the coding density, security and better detection of the alphabet tags with different fonts by capturing the tag characteristics with better signal to noise ratio (SNR). Good agreement has been achieved between the measured and simulated results for both co- and cross-polarized cases.

[1]  S. Mukherjee,et al.  Chipless RFID using stacked multilayer patches , 2009, 2009 Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC).

[2]  Massimo Donelli,et al.  A Novel Detection Technique for a Chipless RFID System Using Quantile Regression , 2018, Electronics.

[3]  Nemai Chandra Karmaker,et al.  Tag, You're It Radar Cross Section of Chipless RFID Tags , 2016, IEEE Microwave Magazine.

[4]  S. Tedjini,et al.  A frequency signature based method for the RF identification of letters , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on RFID.

[5]  V. Plessky,et al.  Review on SAW RFID tags , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[6]  Cristian Herrojo,et al.  Very low-cost 80-Bit chipless-RFID tags inkjet printed on ordinary paper , 2018 .

[7]  N.C. Karmakar,et al.  Phase-Encoded Chipless RFID Transponder for Large-Scale Low-Cost Applications , 2009, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[8]  Saleh A. Alshebeili,et al.  A High-Density L-Shaped Backscattering Chipless Tag for RFID Bistatic Systems , 2018 .

[9]  Zixiang Xiong,et al.  Document Verification: A Cloud-Based Computing Pattern Recognition Approach to Chipless RFID , 2018, IEEE Access.

[10]  S. Tedjini,et al.  A Fully Printable Chipless RFID Tag With Detuning Correction Technique , 2012, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[11]  Smail Tedjini,et al.  Analysis of electromagnetic signature of Arabic alphabet as RF elementary coding particles , 2015 .

[12]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Temporal Separation Detection for Chipless Depolarizing Frequency-Coded RFID , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[13]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Chipless identification applied to human body , 2014, 2014 IEEE RFID Technology and Applications Conference (RFID-TA).

[14]  Nemai Chandra Karmakar,et al.  Compact Printable Chipless RFID Systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[15]  Smail Tedjini,et al.  Radar cross-section measurement in millimetre-wave for passive millimetre-wave identification tags , 2015 .

[16]  Nemai Chandra Karmakar,et al.  Advanced Chipless Rfid: Mimo-Based Imaging at 60 Ghz - ML Detection , 2016 .

[17]  O. Necibi,et al.  Design of a chipless RFID TAG based on the frequency shift technique for K band , 2016, 2016 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP).

[18]  Chonghu Cheng,et al.  Hybrid coding chipless tag based on impedance loading , 2017 .

[19]  Hatem Rmili,et al.  Design of a chipless RFID tags based on natural fractal geometries for security applications , 2016 .

[20]  Mehmet Alper Demir,et al.  Design of Highly Distinguishable Letters for Inkjet-Printed Chipless RFID Tags , 2018, 2018 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC).

[21]  N.C. Karmakar,et al.  Multiresonator-Based Chipless RFID System for Low-Cost Item Tracking , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[22]  O. Necibi,et al.  Design of a chipless RFID tag using cascaded and parallel spiral resonators at 30 GHz , 2015, 2015 2nd World Symposium on Web Applications and Networking (WSWAN).

[23]  S. Tedjini,et al.  High-Capacity Chipless RFID Tag Insensitive to the Polarization , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[24]  Smail Tedjini,et al.  A novel design of chipless RFID tags based on alphabets , 2017, 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS).

[25]  A. Hoorfar,et al.  Space-filling curve RFID tags , 2006, 2006 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium.

[26]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Metallic letter identification based on radar approach , 2011, 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.

[27]  G.D. Durgin,et al.  Gains For RF Tags Using Multiple Antennas , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[28]  Jian Wang,et al.  A Robust Noise Mitigation Method for the Mobile RFID Location in Built Environment , 2019, Sensors.

[29]  S. Tedjini,et al.  Chipless RFID Tag Using Hybrid Coding Technique , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[30]  Suk-Seung Hwang,et al.  Tag-to-Tag Interference Suppression Technique Based on Time Division for RFID , 2017, Sensors.

[31]  Nemai C. Karmakar,et al.  Chipless RFID Tag Localization , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[32]  Keskilammi,et al.  Using text as a meander line for RFID transponder antennas , 2004, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.