Energy performance and environmental impact analysis of cost-optimal renovation solutions of large panel apartment buildings in Finland

Abstract The paper presents energy performance and environmental impact analysis of cost-optimal renovation solutions conducted in deep renovations of typical large panel-structured apartment buildings located in cold climate conditions. The main objective of the study was to determine the cost-optimal renovation concepts from both the primary energy performance and the total CO 2 emission reduction potential perspectives. The cost-optimal solutions for different main heating systems were determined from over 220 million renovation combinations by using a simulation-based multi-objective optimization (SBMOO) analysis as the main research method. The results demonstrate that the proposed national nearly zero-energy apartment building level can be cost-effectively achieved in deep renovations of large panel apartment buildings, delivering approximately 18–36% return on investment. The results also indicate that up to 90–98 €/m 2 net savings, 850–930 kWh/m 2 reduction in the primary energy consumption and 350–390 kg/m 2 reduction in the total CO 2 emissions over the studied 30-year life-cycle period can be achieved simultaneously, when the cost-optimal renovation concepts are selected. Cost-optimally dimensioned heat pump systems deliver significant cost saving and environmental impact reduction potential compared to improving the energy efficiency of the building envelope, as the delivered energy consumption accounts for more than 90% of the total CO 2 emissions.

[1]  T. McMahon,et al.  Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification , 2007 .

[2]  Mohamed Hamdy,et al.  Mobo A New Software For Multi-objective Building Performance Optimization , 2013, Building Simulation Conference Proceedings.

[3]  Juha Jokisalo,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of energy performance renovation measures in Finnish brick apartment buildings , 2017 .

[4]  Constantinos A. Balaras,et al.  Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings , 2000 .

[5]  Reidun Dahl Schlanbusch,et al.  Embodied greenhouse gas emissions from PV systems in Norwegian residential Zero Emission Pilot Buildings , 2016 .

[6]  Ambrose Dodoo,et al.  Cost-optimum analysis of building fabric renovation in a Swedish multi-story residential building , 2014 .

[7]  Per Sahlin.  Modelling and Simulation Methods for Modular Continuous Systems in Buildings , 1996 .

[8]  J. Jokisalo,et al.  Development of weighting factors for climate variables for selecting the energy reference year according to the EN ISO 15927-4 standard , 2012 .

[9]  Ha Hoang,et al.  Energy saving potentials of Moscow apartment buildings in residential districts , 2013 .

[10]  Gilles Notton,et al.  Life cycle analysis of a building-integrated solar thermal collector, based on embodied energy and embodied carbon methodologies , 2014 .

[11]  Adem Atmaca,et al.  Life cycle assessment and cost analysis of residential buildings in south east of Turkey: part 1—review and methodology , 2016, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[12]  Constantinos A. Balaras,et al.  Deterioration of European apartment buildings , 2005 .

[13]  Alo Mikola,et al.  Case-study analysis of concrete large-panel apartment building at pre- and post low-budget energy-renovation , 2016 .

[14]  Adem Atmaca,et al.  Life-cycle assessment and cost analysis of residential buildings in South East of Turkey: part 2—a case study , 2016, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[15]  Andreas Uihlein,et al.  Options to reduce the environmental impacts of residential buildings in the European Union—Potential and costs , 2010 .

[16]  Ha Hoang,et al.  Energy and emission analyses of renovation scenarios of a Moscow residential district , 2014 .

[17]  Tuomo Niemelä.  Cost optimal renovation solutions in the 1960s apartment buildings , 2015 .

[18]  Satu Paiho,et al.  An energetic analysis of a multifunctional facade system for energy efficient retrofitting of residential buildings in cold climates of Finland and Russia , 2015 .

[19]  Juha Jokisalo,et al.  Cost-optimal energy performance renovation measures of educational buildings in cold climate , 2016 .

[20]  Philippe Rigo,et al.  A review on simulation-based optimization methods applied to building performance analysis , 2014 .

[21]  Targo Kalamees,et al.  nZEB Retrofit of a Concrete Large Panel Apartment Building , 2015 .

[22]  Adem Atmaca,et al.  Comparative life cycle energy and cost analysis of post-disaster temporary housings , 2016 .

[23]  Juha Jokisalo,et al.  Heat pumps in energy and cost efficient nearly zero energy buildings in Finland , 2015 .

[24]  Bojana Stanković,et al.  Building stock characteristics and energy performance of residential buildings in Eastern-European countries , 2016 .

[25]  Targo Kalamees,et al.  Cost effectiveness of energy performance improvements in Estonian brick apartment buildings , 2014 .

[26]  Adem Atmaca,et al.  Life cycle energy (LCEA) and carbon dioxide emissions (LCCO2A) assessment of two residential buildings in Gaziantep, Turkey , 2015 .