The knowledge-based economy and the triple helix model

A double beam photometric flow cell for high pressure liquid chromatography having illuminated sample and reference passageways therein, the sample passageway receiving flowing fluid sample fractions for analysis. Regulating apertures control the relative amount of light passed through the passageways such that the light energy through the reference passageway exceeds that through the sample passageway. This reduces the contribution of the reference path to "shot noise" in the photometer output signal.

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