Avoidance of the energy hole in wireless sensor networks using a layered-based routing tree

Prolonging the network lifetime is one of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks WSNs. This paper proposes a layered-based routing tree called LBRT that solves the energy holes in WSNs. It uses several layers in a ring network in a way that each layer is composed of four sectors. The number of nodes in first layer is more than that of in other layers. The nodes construct a cluster at each sector, except sectors of first layer, to transmit the data packets via cluster head CH nodes. CH nodes are selected based on their remaining energy and average distance to neighbouring nodes. They receive data packets from non-cluster head NCH nodes and forward them toward the sink through CH nodes located at the lower layer. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses than another routing method in terms of network lifetime, network traffic, system throughput, and delivery time.

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