Positive displacement expanders for Organic Rankine Cycle systems

Abstract The first part of this chapter introduces the main considerations about positive displacement expanders. The second part presents the principle of operation of major types of positive displacement expanders as well as their relevant mechanical characteristics. The piston, the scroll, the twin-screw, and the vane expanders are described in detail. The chapter also briefly introduces the roots, the trochoidal, and single-screw expanders. For each type of expander, the technical limitations are listed. In the third part of this chapter, the theory of thermodynamics of displacement expanders is developed, leading to the definition of appropriate performance indicators. Finally, the chapter treats the integration of displacement expanders into Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems by summarizing the selection criteria, introducing major considerations about preliminary design, and explaining how the expander can be used in the control of ORC systems.

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