Responsive polymers for biosensing and protein delivery.

In this feature article, we review some recent advances in the field of materials chemistry for biosensing, and protein/drug delivery. Our recent work on the development of responsive polymer-based platforms for biosensing and drug delivery will also be highlighted. This feature article is meant to outline the breadth of the utility of polymer-based materials for select applications, as well as their enormous potential impact on future technologies.

[1]  M. Serpe,et al.  Photoswitchable microlens arrays. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[2]  R. Pelton,et al.  Highly pH and temperature responsive microgels functionalized with vinylacetic acid , 2004 .

[3]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[4]  Sukwon Jung,et al.  Facile strategy for protein conjugation with chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid microparticle platforms via strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[5]  Yunchun Liu,et al.  A unique boronic acid functionalized monolithic capillary for specific capture, separation and immobilization of cis-diol biomolecules. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[6]  B. Vincent,et al.  Microgel particles as model colloids : theory, properties and applications , 1999 .

[7]  É. Aizenshtein,et al.  The impact of PEGylation on protein immunogenicity. , 2013, International immunopharmacology.

[8]  Allan S Hoffman,et al.  Stimuli-responsive polymers: biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. , 2013, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[9]  Todd Hoare,et al.  Injectable microgel-hydrogel composites for prolonged small-molecule drug delivery. , 2011, Biomacromolecules.

[10]  Steven Castleberry,et al.  Nanolayered siRNA dressing for sustained localized knockdown. , 2013, ACS nano.

[11]  M. Serpe,et al.  Reflection Order Selectivity of Color‐Tunable Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Based Etalons , 2011, Advanced materials.

[12]  Michael J. Serpe,et al.  Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel based assemblies for organic dye removal from water: microgel diameter effects , 2012, Colloid and Polymer Science.

[13]  U. Pal,et al.  Effects of crystallization and dopant concentration on the emission behavior of TiO2:Eu nanophosphors , 2012, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[14]  J. W.,et al.  The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1900, Nature.

[15]  R. Pelton,et al.  On the Formation of Colloidally Dispersed Phase-Separated Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) , 1999 .

[16]  Chi Wu,et al.  Laser Light Scattering Study of the Phase Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Water. 1. Single Chain , 1995 .

[17]  M. Serpe,et al.  Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel-based assemblies for organic dye removal from water. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[18]  J. Gordon,et al.  The oscillation frequency of a quartz resonator in contact with liquid , 1985 .

[19]  S. Asher,et al.  Nanogel nanosecond photonic crystal optical switching. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  Jean Chmielewski,et al.  Folate-mediated cell targeting and cytotoxicity using thermoresponsive microgels. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[21]  M. Serpe,et al.  Glucose sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel based etalons , 2012, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[22]  Walter Richtering,et al.  Temperature sensitive microgel suspensions: Colloidal phase behavior and rheology of soft spheres , 1999 .

[23]  Bin Li,et al.  Thermo-responsive molecularly imprinted nanogels for specific recognition and controlled release of proteins , 2013 .

[24]  E. Cosgriff-Hernandez,et al.  Bioactive hydrogels with enhanced initial and sustained cell interactions. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[25]  Todd Hoare,et al.  Injectable superparamagnets: highly elastic and degradable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) composite hydrogels. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[26]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[27]  J. S. Pedersen,et al.  Temperature sensitive copolymer microgels with nanophase separated structure. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  Jongseong Kim,et al.  Hydrogel microparticles as dynamically tunable microlenses. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[29]  Seungpyo Hong,et al.  Dendrimer-mediated multivalent binding for the enhanced capture of tumor cells. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[30]  Robert Pelton,et al.  Preparation of aqueous latices with N-isopropylacrylamide , 1986 .

[31]  L. Lyon,et al.  Interfacial nonradiative energy transfer in responsive core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[32]  Robert Langer,et al.  A magnetically triggered composite membrane for on-demand drug delivery. , 2009, Nano letters.

[33]  T. Thundat,et al.  Degradable thermoresponsive nanogels for protein encapsulation and controlled release. , 2012, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[34]  R. Pelton,et al.  Functional group distributions in carboxylic acid containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[35]  Teruo Okano,et al.  Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-PLA and PLA blend nanoparticles for temperature-controllable drug release and intracellular uptake. , 2012, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[36]  T. Okano,et al.  Temperature-Responsive Chromatography Using Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Silica. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[37]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Bioresponsive hydrogels for sensing applications , 2009 .

[38]  R. Gemeinhart,et al.  Matrix metalloprotease triggered delivery of cancer chemotherapeutics from hydrogel matrixes. , 2005, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[39]  Robert Pelton,et al.  Engineering Glucose Swelling Responses in Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels , 2007 .

[40]  Kyle N. Plunkett,et al.  Chymotrypsin responsive hydrogel: application of a disulfide exchange protocol for the preparation of methacrylamide containing peptides. , 2005, Biomacromolecules.

[41]  Jongseong Kim,et al.  Colloidal Hydrogel Microlenses , 2004 .

[42]  Justin D. Debord,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of pH-responsive copolymer microgels with tunable volume phase transition temperatures , 2003 .

[43]  Molla R. Islam,et al.  Penetration of Polyelectrolytes into Charged Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Layers Confined between Two Surfaces , 2013 .

[44]  Paula T Hammond,et al.  Layer-by-layer nanoparticles with a pH-sheddable layer for in vivo targeting of tumor hypoxia. , 2011, ACS nano.

[45]  Anjal C. Sharma,et al.  A general photonic crystal sensing motif: creatinine in bodily fluids. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[46]  Andra Dedinaite,et al.  Friction in aqueous media tuned by temperature-responsive polymer layers , 2010 .

[47]  S. Asher,et al.  Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials , 1997, Nature.

[48]  W. Richtering,et al.  Influence of polyelectrolyte multilayer adsorption on the temperature sensitivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) microgels , 2004 .

[49]  K. Haraguchi,et al.  Stimuli-Responsive Nanocomposite Gels and Soft Nanocomposites Consisting of Inorganic Clays and Copolymers with Different Chemical Affinities , 2012 .

[50]  Paul Yager,et al.  Multiplexed enrichment and detection of malarial biomarkers using a stimuli-responsive iron oxide and gold nanoparticle reagent system. , 2012, ACS nano.

[51]  Allan S Hoffman,et al.  Hydrogels for biomedical applications. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[52]  Robert Langer,et al.  Smart Biomaterials , 2004, Science.

[53]  R. Stephenson.  A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[54]  Robert Pelton,et al.  Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels at the Air−Water Interface , 1999 .

[55]  Akira Matsumoto,et al.  Preparation of α-mannoside hydrogel and electrical detection of saccharide-protein interactions using the smart gel-modified gate field effect transistor , 2012, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[56]  Jyothi U. Menon,et al.  Prostate cancer-specific thermo-responsive polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[57]  Jing Xu,et al.  Polyethylene glycol modified FGF21 engineered to maximize potency and minimize vacuole formation. , 2013, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[58]  J. Feijen,et al.  In situ forming reduction-sensitive degradable nanogels for facile loading and triggered intracellular release of proteins. , 2013, Biomacromolecules.

[59]  Zhen Gu,et al.  A novel intracellular protein delivery platform based on single-protein nanocapsules. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[60]  D. Brennan,et al.  Three-dimensional hydrogel structures as optical sensor arrays, for the detection of specific DNA sequences. , 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

[61]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Tunable attractive and repulsive interactions between pH-responsive microgels , 2009 .

[62]  Jongseong Kim,et al.  Bioresponsive hydrogel microlenses. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[63]  Yongfeng Gao,et al.  Controlled and triggered small molecule release from a confined polymer film. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[64]  Jongseong Kim,et al.  Label-free biosensing with hydrogel microlenses. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[65]  C. Alexander,et al.  Stimuli responsive polymers for biomedical applications. , 2005, Chemical Society reviews.

[66]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Optical and Acoustic Studies of pH-Dependent Swelling in Microgel Thin Films , 2004 .

[67]  M. Serpe,et al.  Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgels and their assemblies for organic-molecule removal from water. , 2012, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[68]  Alexander Kros,et al.  Photoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications. , 2011, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[69]  T. Tamaki,et al.  Biomolecule-recognition gating membrane using biomolecular cross-linking and polymer phase transition. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[70]  Jingliang Li,et al.  Controlled drug loading and release of a stimuli-responsive lipogel consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) particles and lipids. , 2013, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[71]  Bradley D Olsen,et al.  Kinetically controlled nanostructure formation in self-assembled globular protein-polymer diblock copolymers. , 2012, Biomacromolecules.

[72]  W. Richtering,et al.  Influence of architecture on the interaction of negatively charged multisensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-methacrylic acid microgels with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte: absorption vs adsorption. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[73]  F. Tanaka,et al.  Temperature dependent phase behavior of PNIPAM microgels in mixed water/methanol solvents , 2013 .

[74]  G. Weiss,et al.  Sub-nanomolar detection of prostate-specific membrane antigen in synthetic urine by synergistic, dual-ligand phage. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[75]  Zhongze Gu,et al.  Quantum‐Dot‐Tagged Bioresponsive Hydrogel Suspension Array for Multiplex Label‐Free DNA Detection , 2010 .

[76]  A. Gaharwar,et al.  Dual-stimuli responsive PNiPAM microgel achieved via layer-by-layer assembly: magnetic and thermoresponsive. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[77]  Molla R. Islam,et al.  Polyelectrolyte mediated intra and intermolecular crosslinking in microgel-based etalons for sensing protein concentration in solution. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[78]  T. Okano,et al.  Influence of graft interface polarity on hydration/dehydration of grafted thermoresponsive polymer brushes and steroid separation using all-aqueous chromatography. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[79]  G. Pasut,et al.  Chemical and enzymatic site specific PEGylation of hGH. , 2013, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[80]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Multiresponsive Core−Shell Microgels , 2000 .

[81]  Molla R. Islam,et al.  Label-free detection of low protein concentration in solution using a novel colorimetric assay. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[82]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[83]  W. Richtering,et al.  Polymer dynamics in responsive microgels: influence of cononsolvency and microgel architecture. , 2012, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[84]  L. Lyon,et al.  Tunable Encapsulation of Proteins within Charged Microgels. , 2011, Macromolecules.

[85]  R. Langer,et al.  Drug delivery and targeting. , 1998, Nature.

[86]  W. Richtering,et al.  Polyelectrolyte microgels based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide: influence of charge density on microgel properties, binding of poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and properties of polyelectrolyte complexes , 2011 .

[87]  Molla R. Islam,et al.  Microgel-based etalon coated quartz crystal microbalances for detecting solution pH: The effect of Au overlayer thickness. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.