Excimer formation in organic emitter films associated with a molecular orientation promoted by steric hindrance.

White emission with two sharp strong peaks - a molecular emission peak at 455 nm and an excimer emission peak at 591 nm - was obtained by introducing a terphenyl group into a highly twisted core chromophore, which promoted a molecular orientation in the film state suitable for excimer formation.

[1]  Soo-young Park,et al.  π-Conjugated cyanostilbene derivatives: a unique self-assembly motif for molecular nanostructures with enhanced emission and transport. , 2012, Accounts of chemical research.

[2]  J. Tanaka,et al.  Excimer fluorescence and photodimerization of anthracenophanes and 1,2-dianthrylethanes , 1976 .

[3]  J. Brédas,et al.  π-stacked oligo(phenylene vinylene)s based on pseudo-geminal substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes: impact of interchain geometry and interactions on the electronic properties. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[4]  Cody W. Schlenker,et al.  The molecular nature of photovoltage losses in organic solar cells. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[5]  Yu Liu,et al.  Pi-conjugated aromatic enynes as a single-emitting component for white electroluminescence. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[6]  F. Diederich,et al.  Interactions with aromatic rings in chemical and biological recognition. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[7]  J. Kalinowski,et al.  Unusual disparity in electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of vacuum-evaporated films of 1,1-bis ((di-4-tolylamino) phenyl) cyclohexane , 2000 .

[8]  Jihyeon Janel Lee,et al.  Synthesis and electroluminescence properties of highly efficient dual core chromophores with side groups for blue emission , 2014 .

[9]  Ji-Hoon Lee,et al.  Synthesis and electroluminescence properties of novel deep blue emitting 6,12-dihydro-diindeno[1,2-b;1',2'-e]pyrazine derivatives. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[10]  David L. Carroll,et al.  High-efficiency photovoltaic devices based on annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1- phenyl-(6,6)C61 blends , 2005 .

[11]  Nelson E. Coates,et al.  Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100 , 2009 .

[12]  J. Kido,et al.  Dual efficiency enhancement by delayed fluorescence and dipole orientation in high-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes , 2011 .

[13]  J. Tanaka,et al.  Excimer emission of anthracene, perylene, coronene and pyrene microcrystals dispersed in water , 1998 .

[14]  C. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Organic Thin Film Transistors for Large Area Electronics , 2002 .

[15]  J. Brédas,et al.  Closely stacked oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s: effect of π-stacking on the electronic properties of conjugated chromophores. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  B. Tang,et al.  Full emission color tuning in luminogens constructed from tetraphenylethene, benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole and thiophene building blocks. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[17]  D. Bradley,et al.  Efficient flexible polymer light emitting diodes with conducting polymer anodes , 2007 .

[18]  Silu Tao,et al.  A triphenylamine derivative as a single-emitting component for highly-efficient white electroluminescent devices , 2008 .

[19]  Akio Sakaguchi,et al.  Orientation Control of Linear‐Shaped Molecules in Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Amorphous Films and Its Effect on Carrier Mobilities , 2010 .

[20]  Jihyeon Janel Lee,et al.  Synthesis and Electroluminescence Properties of Highly Efficient Blue Fluorescence Emitters Using Dual Core Chromophores , 2013 .

[21]  F. Würthner,et al.  Naphthalene and perylene diimides for organic transistors. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[22]  Z. Soos,et al.  Polar organic films : Transport gap, charge-dipole interaction and electroluminescence of tritolylamine (TTA) derivatives , 2007 .

[23]  Y. Maruyama,et al.  Time-resolved and temperature-dependent fluorescence spectra of anthracene and pyrene in crystalline and liquid states , 1987 .

[24]  Gui Yu,et al.  Highly π‐Extended Copolymers with Diketopyrrolopyrrole Moieties for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors , 2012, Advanced materials.

[25]  Exciplex and excimer molecular probes: detection of conformational flip in a myo-inositol chair. , 2008, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

[26]  Yukio Furukawa,et al.  Molecular Stacking Induced by Intermolecular C–H···N Hydrogen Bonds Leading to High Carrier Mobility in Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Films , 2011 .

[27]  Bin Xu,et al.  White Light from Excimer and Electromer in Single-Emitting-Component Electroluminescent Diodes , 2008 .

[28]  Z. Bao,et al.  Synthetic chemistry for ultrapure, processable, and high-mobility organic transistor semiconductors. , 2001, Accounts of chemical research.

[29]  C.‐c. Wu,et al.  Highly Efficient Orange and Green Solid‐State Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic IrIII Complexes with Enhanced Steric Hindrance , 2007 .

[30]  C. Reese,et al.  Tuning Crystalline Solid‐State Order and Charge Transport via Building‐Block Modification of Oligothiophenes , 2009 .

[31]  Robert Graf,et al.  Ultrahigh mobility in polymer field-effect transistors by design. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[32]  Akio Sakaguchi,et al.  Horizontal orientation of linear-shaped organic molecules having bulky substituents in neat and doped vacuum-deposited amorphous films , 2009 .

[33]  Stephen R. Forrest,et al.  White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Solid‐State Lighting , 2004 .

[34]  D. Yokoyama Molecular orientation in small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes , 2011 .

[35]  J. Rault‐Berthelot,et al.  Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes: a promising molecular design , 2012 .

[36]  J. Fréchet,et al.  Organic semiconducting oligomers for use in thin film transistors. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[37]  Yuguang Ma,et al.  Exceedingly efficient deep-blue electroluminescence from new anthracenes obtained using rational molecular design , 2008 .

[38]  C. Tang,et al.  Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .

[39]  T. Swager,et al.  Highly emissive conjugated polymer excimers. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  C. Adachi,et al.  Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes by delayed fluorescence , 2013 .

[41]  Lijuan Wang,et al.  Piezochromic luminescence based on the molecular aggregation of 9,10-bis((E)-2-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[42]  Z. Soos,et al.  Neutral and charged excited states in polar organic films: origin of unusual electroluminescence in tri-p-tolylamine-based hole conductors. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[43]  J. Kido,et al.  A single-molecule excimer-emitting compound for highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting devices. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[44]  Do Hwan Kim,et al.  High-Performance Stable n-Type Indenofluorenedione Field-Effect Transistors , 2011 .

[45]  J. Sancho‐García,et al.  Ab Initio Modeling of Donor-Acceptor Interactions and Charge-Transfer Excitations in Molecular Complexes: The Case of Terthiophene-Tetracyanoquinodimethane. , 2011, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[46]  Akio Sakaguchi,et al.  Horizontal molecular orientation in vacuum-deposited organic amorphous films of hole and electron transport materials , 2008 .