Fingerprint is the most popular biometric trait due to the perceived uniqueness and persistence of friction ridge pattern on human fingers [1]. Following the introduction of iPhone 5S with Touch ID fingerprint sensor in September 2013, most of the mobile phones, such as iPhone 5s/6/6+, Samsung Galaxy S5/S6, HTC One Max, Huawei Honor 7, Meizu MX4 Pro and others, now come with embedded fingerprint sensors for phone unlock. It has been forecasted that 50% of smartphones sold by 2019 will have an embedded fingerprint sensor [2]. With the introduction of Apple Pay, Samsung Pay and Android Pay, fingerprint recognition on mobile devices is leveraged for more than just for device unlock; it can also be used for secure mobile payment and other transactions.
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