MEG and EEG demonstrate similar test-retest reliability of the 40Hz auditory steady-state response.

The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is increasingly being used as a biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders, but research investigating the test-retest reliability of this measure is needed. We previously reported ASSR reliability, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), to 40Hz amplitude-modulated white noise and click train stimuli. The purpose of the current study was to (a) assess the reliability of the MEG-measured ASSR to 40Hz amplitude-modulated white noise and click train stimuli, and (b) compare test-retest reliability between MEG and EEG measures of ASSR, which has not previously been investigated. Additionally, impact of stimulus parameter choice on reliability was assessed, by comparing responses to white noise and click train stimuli. Test-retest reliability, across sessions approximately one week apart, was assessed in 17 healthy adults. On each study day, participants completed two passive listening tasks (white noise and click train stimuli) during separate MEG and EEG recordings. Between-session correlations for evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were assessed following source-space projection. Overall, the MEG-measured ASSR was significantly correlated between sessions (p<0.05, FDR corrected), suggesting acceptable test-retest reliability. Results suggest greater response reproducibility for ITPC compared to evoked responses and for click train compared to white noise stimuli, although further study is warranted. No significant differences in reliability were observed between MEG and EEG measures, suggesting they are similarly reliable. This work supports use of the ASSR as a biomarker in clinical interventions with repeated measures.

[1]  Maurizio Maurizi,et al.  Generation of human auditory steadystate responses (SSRs). I: Stimulus rate effects , 1995, Hearing Research.

[2]  D. Mathalon,et al.  Event-related EEG time-frequency analysis: an overview of measures and an analysis of early gamma band phase locking in schizophrenia. , 2008, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[3]  Takefumi Ueno,et al.  Gamma Band Neural Synchronization Deficits for Auditory Steady State Responses in Bipolar Disorder Patients , 2012, PloS one.

[4]  Stephen E. Robinson.  Theory and Properties of Lead Field Synthesis Analysis , 1989 .

[5]  M. Scherg,et al.  Evoked dipole source potentials of the human auditory cortex. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[6]  Karsten Hoechstetter,et al.  BESA Source Coherence: A New Method to Study Cortical Oscillatory Coupling , 2003, Brain Topography.

[7]  Thomas E. Nichols,et al.  Thresholding of Statistical Maps in Functional Neuroimaging Using the False Discovery Rate , 2002, NeuroImage.

[8]  Giri P Krishnan,et al.  Neural synchronization deficits to auditory stimulation in bipolar disorder , 2004, Neuroreport.

[9]  R. McCarley,et al.  γ-Band Auditory Steady-State Responses Are Impaired in First Episode Psychosis , 2008, Biological Psychiatry.

[10]  M. Ahlijanian,et al.  40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response Is a Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Cortical NMDA Receptors , 2016, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[11]  D. Lewis,et al.  Cortical inhibitory neurons and schizophrenia , 2005, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[12]  Donald C. Rojas,et al.  Test-Retest Reliability of the 40 Hz EEG Auditory Steady-State Response , 2014, PloS one.

[13]  Takefumi Ueno,et al.  Differentiation between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder by auditory steady-state responses. , 2016, Journal of affective disorders.

[14]  G. Comi,et al.  IFCN standards for digital recording of clinical EEG. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[15]  P. O’Donnell,et al.  Effects of NMDA and GABA-A Receptor Antagonism on Auditory Steady-State Synchronization in Awake Behaving Rats , 2015, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology.

[16]  Lisa B. Wilson,et al.  Transient and steady-state auditory gamma-band responses in first-degree relatives of people with autism spectrum disorder , 2011, Molecular autism.

[17]  L. Elliot Hong,et al.  Evoked gamma band synchronization and the liability for schizophrenia , 2004, Schizophrenia Research.

[18]  Donald C. Rojas,et al.  Children and Adolescents with Autism Exhibit Reduced MEG Steady-State Gamma Responses , 2007, Biological Psychiatry.

[19]  Marc Recasens,et al.  The 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis. , 2016, JAMA psychiatry.

[20]  Joachim Gross,et al.  MEG—measured auditory steady-state oscillations show high test–retest reliability: A sensor and source-space analysis , 2015, NeuroImage.

[21]  B. O’Donnell,et al.  GABAergic modulation of the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response in a rat model of schizophrenia. , 2010, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology.

[22]  M Hämäläinen,et al.  Neuromagnetic steady-state responses to auditory stimuli. , 1989, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[23]  Auditory steady state and transient gamma band activity in bipolar disorder , 2007 .

[24]  G. Plourde,et al.  Ketamine increases the amplitude of the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response in humans. , 1997, British journal of anaesthesia.

[25]  Giri P. Krishnan,et al.  Phencyclidine Disrupts the Auditory Steady State Response in Rats , 2015, PloS one.

[26]  J. Ford,et al.  Converging evidence for gamma synchrony deficits in schizophrenia. , 2013, Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology.

[27]  M. Frenkel,et al.  MK-801 disrupts and nicotine augments 40 Hz auditory steady state responses in the auditory cortex of the urethane-anesthetized rat , 2013, Neuropharmacology.

[28]  Y. Benjamini,et al.  THE CONTROL OF THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE IN MULTIPLE TESTING UNDER DEPENDENCY , 2001 .

[29]  Patrick Berg,et al.  Artifact Correction of the Ongoing EEG Using Spatial Filters Based on Artifact and Brain Signal Topographies , 2002, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[30]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Gamma Band Oscillations Reveal Neural Network Cortical Coherence Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Patients , 2006, Biological Psychiatry.

[31]  Patrick Berg,et al.  Advanced Tools for Digital EEG Review:: Virtual Source Montages, Whole-head Mapping, Correlation, and Phase Analysis , 2002, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[32]  Scott R Sponheim,et al.  Frequency-specific disruptions of neuronal oscillations reveal aberrant auditory processing in schizophrenia. , 2016, Psychophysiology.

[33]  Donald C. Rojas,et al.  Cortical source estimates of gamma band amplitude and phase are different in schizophrenia , 2008, NeuroImage.

[34]  P Berg,et al.  New concepts of brain source imaging and localization. , 1996, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[35]  H. Jasper,et al.  The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. , 1999, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[36]  Robert Oostenveld,et al.  FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and Invasive Electrophysiological Data , 2010, Comput. Intell. Neurosci..

[37]  Michelle K. Jetha,et al.  Electrophysiological changes during adolescence: A review , 2010, Brain and Cognition.

[38]  N Papp,et al.  Critical evaluation of complex demodulation techniques for the quantification of bioelectrical activity. , 1977, Biomedical sciences instrumentation.

[39]  M. Hasselmo,et al.  Gamma frequency-range abnormalities to auditory stimulation in schizophrenia. , 1999, Archives of general psychiatry.

[40]  D. V. Sivarao,et al.  The 40‐Hz auditory steady‐state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function , 2015, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[41]  J. Pernier,et al.  Stimulus Specificity of Phase-Locked and Non-Phase-Locked 40 Hz Visual Responses in Human , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[42]  Seppo P. Ahlfors,et al.  Sensitivity of MEG and EEG to Source Orientation , 2010, Brain Topography.

[43]  Giri Krishnan,et al.  Auditory steady state response in bipolar disorder: relation to clinical state, cognitive performance, medication status, and substance disorders. , 2010, Bipolar disorders.

[44]  Olaf Sporns,et al.  EEG synchronization to modulated auditory tones in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. , 2003, The American journal of psychiatry.

[45]  Giri P Krishnan,et al.  The auditory steady-state response (ASSR): a translational biomarker for schizophrenia. , 2013, Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology.

[46]  G. Comi,et al.  IFCN standards for digital recording of clinical EEG. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[47]  R. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Magnetoencephalography-theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain , 1993 .

[48]  B. O’Donnell,et al.  Auditory steady state responses in a schizophrenia rat model probed by excitatory/inhibitory receptor manipulation. , 2012, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[49]  Jennifer K. Forsyth,et al.  Auditory steady state response in the schizophrenia, first-degree relatives, and schizotypal personality disorder , 2012, Schizophrenia Research.

[50]  M. Scherg.  Fundamentals if dipole source potential analysis , 1990 .

[51]  B. O’Donnell,et al.  Steady state responses: electrophysiological assessment of sensory function in schizophrenia. , 2009, Schizophrenia bulletin.