Analysis of the surface condition of removed bone implants

The development of technology, mainly motorization, and active lifestyle of modern man that are currently being observed make a significant contribution to the growth of various types of injuries of the musculoskeletal system [1]. This is a challenge for reconstructive surgery of the skeletal system, and an effective search for solutions regarding selection of materials for implants and surgical instruments requires the direct cooperation of doctors and engineers [14]. Thanks to such cooperation, significant progress has taken place in the field of implantology over the last decade or so. The development of diverse techniques in the field of materials engineering for medical applications, particularly including materials and surface engineering, has expanded our ability to restore complete or partial functionality of parts of the musculoskeletal system [7, 10-11]. Bone implants make it possible to restore destroyed systems and improve a patient’s health condition and functionality [15-17]. Implant is the name given to a foreign body made of one or more biomaterials that may be placed inside of the human body as well as partially or completely under the epithelium, which may remain in the human body for an extended period of time [1, 21]. Such longterm contact of an implant with the tissue environment necessitates many properties of implant materials. They must have specific physicochemical and functional properties, which will determine their suitability for application in the context of a bone-implant interface [12, 13]. Żaneta Anna MierzejewskA Paulina kuPTel jarosław sidun