Mobility Models and Routing Protocols in Opportunistic Networks: A Survey

Opportunistic networks (Oppnets) are a form of MANETs, where node gets connected to each other opportunistically, when they are in range. The two key parameters to obtain an optimized route are Mobility Models and Routing Protocols. Mobility models are those which should depict mobile nature of nodes exactly. Routing protocols help nodes to transmit message between nodes i.e. source and destination. In this paper we survey and examine different Mobility Model and Routing Protocols used in Opportunistic network to optimize its route in an easy way with its taxonomy. A comparison table is given for better understanding. Hence, we provide an overview of Mobility Models and Routing Protocols to the current research and propose fuzzy PRoPHET for 100 percent data transmission from source to destination.

[1]  Eduardo Cerqueira,et al.  Topology and Link quality-aware Geographical opportunistic routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2013, 2013 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC).

[2]  Abhijeet Bhorkar,et al.  An adaptive opportunistic routing scheme for wireless ad-hoc networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.

[3]  Anders Lindgren,et al.  Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks , 2003, MOCO.

[4]  Robin Kravets,et al.  Encounter: based routing in DTNs , 2009, MOCO.

[5]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  Opportunistic routing in multi-hop wireless networks , 2004, Comput. Commun. Rev..

[6]  Xi Fang,et al.  MAP : Multi-Constrained Anypath Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks , 2012 .

[7]  Cecilia Mascolo,et al.  An ad hoc mobility model founded on social network theory , 2004, MSWiM '04.

[8]  Marco Conti,et al.  Exploiting users' social relations to forward data in opportunistic networks: The HiBOp solution , 2008, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[9]  Shaojie Tang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[10]  Tracy Camp,et al.  A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[11]  Jörg Widmer,et al.  Contention-based forwarding for mobile ad hoc networks , 2003, Ad Hoc Networks.

[12]  Lili Qiu,et al.  O3: optimized overlay-based opportunistic routing , 2011, MobiHoc '11.

[13]  Jörg Ott,et al.  The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation , 2009, SimuTools.

[14]  Y. C. Hu,et al.  XCOR : Synergistic Interflow Network Coding and Opportunistic Routing , .

[15]  Antonis G. Dimitriou,et al.  Interference-limited opportunistic relaying with reactive sensing , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Vijay Erramilli,et al.  Delegation forwarding , 2008, MobiHoc '08.

[17]  Amin Vahdat,et al.  Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks , 2009 .

[18]  Eduardo Cerqueira,et al.  Context-aware opportunistic routing in mobile ad-hoc networks incorporating node mobility , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[19]  Torsten Braun,et al.  Real-world evaluation of Sensor Context-aware Adaptive Duty-cycled opportunistic routing , 2014, 39th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[20]  Leonard Kleinrock,et al.  PLASMA: A new routing paradigm for wireless multihop networks , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[21]  Kevin C. Almeroth,et al.  Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[22]  Marco Conti,et al.  Analysis of Individual Pair and Aggregate Intercontact Times in Heterogeneous Opportunistic Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[23]  Wei Hu,et al.  Practical opportunistic routing in high-speed multi-rate wireless mesh networks , 2013, MobiHoc.

[24]  Sachin Katti,et al.  Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing , 2007, SIGCOMM '07.

[25]  Timur Friedman,et al.  Fixed point opportunistic routing in delay tolerant networks , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[26]  Young-Joo Suh,et al.  Maximizing Transmission Opportunities in Wireless Multihop Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[27]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  A SURVEY OF MOBILITY MODELS in Wireless Adhoc Networks , 2004 .

[28]  Jie Wu,et al.  Utility-Based Opportunistic Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks , 2008, 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[29]  Zygmunt J. Haas,et al.  Simple, Practical, and Effective Opportunistic Routing for Short-Haul Multi-Hop Wireless Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[30]  Yin Li,et al.  Prediction-Based Routing Methods in Opportunistic Networks , 2015, KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst..

[31]  Ling-Jyh Chen,et al.  PRoPHET+: An Adaptive PRoPHET-Based Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Network , 2010, 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications.

[32]  Baochun Li,et al.  Dice: a game theoretic framework for wireless multipath network coding , 2008, MobiHoc '08.

[33]  B. Sundar Raj,et al.  Geographic Random Forwarding for Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Multihop Performance , 2015 .

[34]  Martin Vetterli,et al.  Valuable Detours: Least-Cost Anypath Routing , 2011, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[35]  Srihari Nelakuditi,et al.  On selection of candidates for opportunistic anypath forwarding , 2006, MOCO.

[36]  Euhanna Ghadimi,et al.  Opportunistic Routing in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014, ACM Trans. Sens. Networks.

[37]  Stephan Eidenbenz,et al.  Scalable and Reliable Sensor Network Routing: Performance Study from Field Deployment , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[38]  Lie-Liang Yang,et al.  Ieee Transactions on Communications, Accepted for Publication 1 Cross-layer Aided Energy-efficient Opportunistic Routing in Ad Hoc Networks , 2022 .

[39]  Fabrice Theoleyre,et al.  Multipath opportunistic RPL routing over IEEE 802.15.4 , 2011, MSWiM '11.

[40]  Xi Fang,et al.  Consort: Node-Constrained Opportunistic Routing in wireless mesh networks , 2011, 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[41]  Rute C. Sofia,et al.  A Survey on Mobility Models for Wireless Networks , 2011 .

[42]  Paolo Giaccone,et al.  Performance evaluation of routing protocols in opportunistic networks , 2014, Fifth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT).

[43]  Baochun Li,et al.  Optimized multipath network coding in lossy wireless networks , 2009, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[44]  Jie Wu,et al.  On Multicopy Opportunistic Forwarding Protocols in Nondeterministic Delay Tolerant Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[45]  Dimitrios Koutsonikolas,et al.  CCACK: Efficient Network Coding Based Opportunistic Routing Through Cumulative Coded Acknowledgments , 2010, 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[46]  Bo Jiang,et al.  Opportunistic Flooding in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks with Unreliable Links , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[47]  Tsuhan Chen,et al.  Design, implementation and evaluation of an efficient opportunistic retransmission protocol , 2009, MobiCom '09.

[48]  Starsky H. Y. Wong,et al.  ROMER : Resilient Opportunistic Mesh Routing for Wireless Mesh Networks , 2005 .

[49]  Lili Qiu,et al.  SOAR: Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[50]  Jie Wu,et al.  Opportunistic Routing Algebra and its Applications , 2009, IEEE INFOCOM 2009.

[51]  Zehua Wang,et al.  CORMAN: A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[52]  Sae-Young Chung,et al.  Parallel Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[53]  Geetha Jayakumar,et al.  Reference Point Group Mobility and Random Waypoint Models in Performance Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols , 2008, J. Comput. Networks Commun..

[54]  Baochun Li,et al.  CodeOR: Opportunistic routing in wireless mesh networks with segmented network coding , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols.

[55]  M Shahzamal,et al.  MOBILITY MODELS FOR DELAY TOLERANT NETWORK : A SURVEY , 2014 .

[56]  T. Javidi,et al.  Towards Throughput and Delay Optimal Routing for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks , 2007, 2007 Conference Record of the Forty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[57]  Jörg Ott,et al.  Working day movement model , 2008, MobilityModels '08.

[58]  Winston Khoon Guan Seah,et al.  Mobility Modeling of Rush Hour Traffic for Multihop Routing in Mobile Wireless Networks , 2006, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[59]  Tara Javidi,et al.  Opportunistic routing under unknown stochastic models , 2013, 2013 5th IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP).

[60]  Hongqiang Zhai,et al.  Capacity of opportunistic routing in multi-rate and multi-hop wireless networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[61]  Timur Friedman,et al.  Evaluating Mobility Pattern Space Routing for DTNs , 2005, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[62]  Tara Javidi,et al.  Opportunistic Routing with Congestion Diversity in Wireless Multi-hop Networks , 2010, 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[63]  J. Ott,et al.  Increasing Reality for DTN Protocol Simulations , 2007 .

[64]  Cédric Westphal,et al.  Opportunistic Routing in Dynamic Ad Hoc Networks: the OPRAH protocol , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[65]  Fabrice Valois,et al.  QoS oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, 2012 IFIP Wireless Days.

[66]  M. Student,et al.  A Review on Mobility Models in Delay Tolerance Network , 2015 .

[67]  Zhenyu Yang,et al.  Location-Aided Opportunistic Forwarding in Multirate and Multihop Wireless Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[68]  C. Siva Ram Murthy,et al.  A Realistic Framework for Delay-Tolerant Network Routing in Open Terrains with Continuous Churn , 2011, ICDCN.

[69]  Aziz Mohaisen,et al.  Trading Optimality for Scalability in Large-Scale Opportunistic Routing , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[70]  Brian Gallagher,et al.  MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks , 2006, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[71]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks , 2005, WDTN '05.

[72]  Paul J. M. Havinga,et al.  Opportunistic beacon networks: Information dissemination via wireless network identifiers , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops).

[73]  Pan Hui,et al.  BUBBLE Rap: Social-Based Forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[74]  Marco Conti,et al.  MaxOPP: A novel Opportunistic Routing for wireless mesh networks , 2010, The IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications.