Scale-up rules

This chapter summarizes the results from various experiments conducted to study scale-up relations for various systems. These systems include single phase (liquid) systems and multiphase (solid–liquid, liquid–liquid, gas–liquid, and solid–liquid–gas) systems. The experimental apparatus and working fluids employed in the studies are delineated along with the physical properties of working fluid. The required experimental conditions and results derived are presented in the form of equations and illustrations.