Imaging of Electrical Function within the Human Atrium and Ventricle from Paced ECG Mapping Data

Activation time (AT) imaging from electrocardiographic mapping data is under development becoming feasible for clinical applications. In this study the AT imaging approach is applied to data of the human atria and ventricles in four patients. The reconstructed atrial AT pattern on the endo- and epicardium for paced rhythm data was compared with the CARTO® map. The geometrical error between the modelled right atrial (RA) target chamber and the anatomical CARTO® map was between 4 and 7mm. With regard to the localization error we compared the locations of the first (endocardial) breakthroughs determined from the reconstructed AT map and from the CARTO® map within RA. This localization error was identified to be within 6 and 13mm.