Timing and Phase Locking in Cascade Juggling

A natural-physical approach is pursued in uncovering basic timing and phase relations in human rhythmic movement. The approach is based on the theory of nonlinear oscillatory motion, entrained by continuously and discretely distrib- uted forcing. In the context of juggling three balls in a figure-eight pattern, a preliminary modeling attempt of the cyclical hand motion suggested that the dynamics underwriting juggling are captured best by a discretely kicked, highly nonlinear, self-sustained oscillator. Discretely kicked, nonlinear oscillators may be characterized by regime diagrams that depict the periodic (phase-locked) and quasiperiodic (not phase-locked) regimes in which the system can operate depending on the magnitude of the kicks. This article provides evidence for 2-quasiperiodicity and near, but not perfect, phase locking between tl/tf and tu/tf (where tl is the mean time that the hands move loaded with a ball, tu is the mean time that the hands move empty, and tf is the mean flight time of the b...

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