Study on reflection of human skin with liquid paraffin as the penetration enhancer by spectroscopy

Abstract. Optical clearing agents can improve tissue optical transmittance by reducing the diffuse reflection. The reflection on in vivo human skin before and after applying anhydrous glycerol and 30 to 50% liquid paraffin glycerol mixed solution are investigated in this paper. From their visible and near-infrared reflection spectroscopy, all of their diffuse reflections are reduced after applying the agents. It is found that the three mixed solutions show stronger effect than that of anhydrous glycerol. These results further prove liquid paraffin can enhance the percutaneous penetration of glycerol and take synergistically optical clearing effect with glycerol over visible and near-infrared wave bands.

[1]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues. , 2003, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[2]  Xiangqun Xu,et al.  Evaluation of skin optical clearing enhancement with Azone as a penetration enhancer , 2007 .

[3]  V. Tuchin.  Tissue Optics: Light Scattering Methods and Instruments for Medical Diagnosis , 2000 .

[4]  Christopher G. Rylander,et al.  Dehydration mechanism of optical clearing in tissue. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[5]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  Mpls: Technology and Applications , 2000 .

[6]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Optical clearing of skin tissue produced by application of glucose solution: in vivo study , 2006, Saratov Fall Meeting.

[7]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Collagen solubility correlates with skin optical clearing. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[8]  Qingming Luo,et al.  Imaging dermal blood flow through the intact rat skin with an optical clearing method. , 2010, Journal of biomedical optics.

[9]  Valery V Tuchin,et al.  Tissue optical immersion clearing , 2010, Expert review of medical devices.

[10]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method , 2005 .

[11]  Xiangqun Xu,et al.  Feasibility of Sonophoretic Delivery for Effective Skin Optical Clearing , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[12]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  Hyperosmotic chemical agent's effect on in vivo cerebral blood flow revealed by laser speckle. , 2004, Applied optics.

[13]  Dan Zhu,et al.  Enhanced optical clearing of skin in vivo and optical coherence tomography in-depth imaging. , 2012, Journal of biomedical optics.

[14]  Hao Shan,et al.  Study on application of optical clearing technique in skin diseases , 2012, Journal of biomedical optics.

[15]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Light propagation in tissues with controlled optical properties , 1996, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[16]  Haiyang Ni,et al.  Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture , 2011, Biomedical optics express.

[17]  Xiangqun Xu,et al.  The role of water desorption on optical clearing of biotissue: studied with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. , 2003, Medical physics.

[18]  Xiangqun Xu,et al.  Dynamic optical coherence tomography in studies of optical clearing, sedimentation, and aggregation of immersed blood. , 2002, Applied optics.

[19]  MarkBrezinski,et al.  Index Matching to Improve Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Through Blood , 2001 .

[20]  Huajiang Wei,et al.  Synergistic Effect of Ultrasound and Thiazone–PEG 400 on Human Skin Optical Clearing In Vivo , 2010, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[21]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Optical clearing of in vivo human skin: Implications for light‐based diagnostic imaging and therapeutics , 2004, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[22]  H. G. Rylander,et al.  Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[23]  Lihong V. Wang,et al.  Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging , 2007 .

[24]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Optical tissue clearing to enhance imaging performance for OCT , 2008 .

[25]  Warren S. Warren,et al.  Optical clearing of archive-compatible paraffin embedded tissue for multiphoton microscopy , 2012, Biomedical optics express.

[26]  Elina A. Genina,et al.  Optical clearing of the eye sclera in vivo caused by glucose , 2006 .

[27]  Dan Zhu,et al.  In vivo skin optical clearing by glycerol solutions: mechanism , 2009, Journal of biophotonics.

[28]  C. Surber,et al.  Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions , 2008, The British journal of dermatology.

[29]  Xiangqun Xu,et al.  Synergistic effect of hyperosmotic agents of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol on optical clearing of gastric tissue studied with near infrared spectroscopy. , 2004, Physics in medicine and biology.

[30]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[31]  Ruikang K. Wang,et al.  Comparing the synergistic effects of oleic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide as vehicles for optical clearing of skin tissue in vitro , 2004, Physics in medicine and biology.