Cognitive radio for M2M and Internet of Things: A survey

Internet of things (IoT) paradigm poses new challenges to the communication technology as numerous heterogeneous objects will need to be connected. To address these issues new radio technologies and network architectures need to be designed to cater to several future devices having connectivity demands. For radio communications, the frequency spectrum allocation will have to be adapted for efficient spectrum utilization considering new bandwidth and application requirements. Novel research directions based on the use of opportunistic radio resource utilization such as those based on cognitive radio (CR) technology will have to be pursued for efficiency as well as reliability. Cognitive Radio is a promising enabler communication technology for IoT. Its opportunistic communication paradigm is suited to communicating objects having event driven nature, that generate bursty traffic. Cognitive Radio can help overcome the problems of collision and excessive contention in the wireless access network that will arise due to the deployment of several objects connected to infrastructure through radio links. However, there are several issues that need to be addressed before cognitive radio technology can be used for Internet of things. This paper surveys novel approaches and discusses research challenges related to the use of cognitive radio technology for Internet of things. In addition, the paper presents a general background on cognitive radio and Internet of Things with some potential applications. Our survey is different from existing surveys in that we focus on recent advances and ongoing research directions in cognitive radio in the context of Machine to Machine and Internet of Things. We review CR solutions that address generic problems of IoT including emerging challenges of autonomicity, scalability, energy efficiency, heterogeneity in terms of user equipment capabilities, complexity and environments, etc. The solutions are supported by our taxonomy of different CR approaches that are classified into two categories, flexible and efficient networking, and tackling heterogeneity. This paper intends to help new researchers entering the domain of CR and IoT by providing a comprehensive survey on recent advances.

[1]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Data Mining for the Internet of Things: Literature Review and Challenges , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[2]  L. Berlemann,et al.  Policy-based reasoning for spectrum sharing in radio networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[3]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Modeling and performance evaluation of transmission control protocol over cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2009, MSWiM '09.

[4]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[5]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  TP-CRAHN: a Transport Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks , 2009, IEEE INFOCOM 2009.

[6]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Ten years of research in spectrum sensing and sharing in cognitive radio , 2012, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[7]  Maziar Nekovee.  Cognitive Radio Access to TV White Spaces: Spectrum Opportunities, Commercial Applications and Remaining Technology Challenges , 2010, 2010 IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum (DySPAN).

[8]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Cognitive radio based hierarchical communications infrastructure for smart grid , 2011, IEEE Network.

[9]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  Cognitive Relaying with Time Incentive: Protocol design for Multiple Primary Users , 2011, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[10]  X. Wang,et al.  Efficient Multipath in Sensor Networks using Diffusion and Network Coding , 2006, 2006 40th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems.

[11]  Kaushik R. Chowdhury,et al.  Transforming healthcare and medical telemetry through cognitive radio networks , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[12]  Zhu Han,et al.  A probabilistic MAC for cognitive radio systems with energy harvesting nodes , 2014, 2014 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP).

[13]  Wei Yuan,et al.  Local Coordination Based Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, Mob. Networks Appl..

[14]  V. Anand,et al.  Cognitive Radio for Smart Home Environment , 2015, WCI '15.

[15]  Maurizio Tomasella,et al.  Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things , 2010 .

[16]  Hai Jiang,et al.  Energy Detection Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[17]  Alessandro Bassi,et al.  From today's INTRAnet of things to a future INTERnet of things: a wireless- and mobility-related view , 2010, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[18]  Keping Long,et al.  Self-organization paradigms and optimization approaches for cognitive radio technologies: a survey , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[19]  Sisi Liu,et al.  Cluster-Based Control Channel Allocation in Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[20]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  A New Outlook on Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Minimum-Maintenance-Cost Routing , 2013, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[21]  Jong-Shi Pang,et al.  Joint Sensing and Power Allocation in Nonconvex Cognitive Radio Games: Nash Equilibria and Distributed Algorithms , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[22]  Bill N. Schilit,et al.  Enabling the Internet of Things , 2015, Computer.

[23]  K. J. Ray Liu,et al.  Game theory for cognitive radio networks: An overview , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[24]  Yichen Wang,et al.  CAD-MAC: A Channel-Aggregation Diversity Based MAC Protocol for Spectrum and Energy Efficient Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks , 2014, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[25]  Francesca Cuomo,et al.  Routing in cognitive radio networks: Challenges and solutions , 2011, Ad Hoc Networks.

[26]  Yiwei Thomas Hou,et al.  Cherish every joule: Maximizing throughput with an eye on network-wide energy consumption , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[27]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Bio-inspired networking: from theory to practice , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[28]  Y. Thomas Hou,et al.  Cognitive radio communications and networks: principles and practice , 2012 .

[29]  Philip Levis,et al.  RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks , 2012, RFC.

[30]  Liesbet Van der Perre,et al.  A Distributed Multichannel MAC Protocol for Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[31]  Danny H. K. Tsang,et al.  Optimal Cooperative Sensing Scheduling for energy-efficient Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[32]  Dusit Niyato,et al.  Channel status prediction for cognitive radio networks , 2012, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[33]  Marco Jahn,et al.  Designing a Smart City Internet of Things Platform with Microservice Architecture , 2015, 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud.

[34]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2009, Ad Hoc Networks.

[35]  Kaibin Huang,et al.  Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications: A Review of Recent Advances , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[36]  Hai Jiang,et al.  Joint Optimal Cooperative Sensing and Resource Allocation in Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[37]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Energy-Efficient Packet Size Optimization for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[38]  Mihaela van der Schaar,et al.  Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Among Repeatedly Interacting Selfish Users With Imperfect Monitoring , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[39]  Friedrich Jondral,et al.  Software-Defined Radio—Basics and Evolution to Cognitive Radio , 2005, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[40]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Power Control in Cognitive Radio Systems Based on Spectrum Sensing Side Information , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[41]  Paul J. Kolodzy,et al.  Interference temperature: a metric for dynamic spectrum utilization , 2006, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[42]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Spectrum-Aware Mobility Management in Cognitive Radio Cellular Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[43]  Erik Dahlman,et al.  3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband , 2007 .

[44]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[45]  Dong In Kim,et al.  Opportunistic Channel Access and RF Energy Harvesting in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2014, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[46]  Charles W. Bostian,et al.  COGNITIVE RADIOS WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS: INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIOS , 2004 .

[47]  Li Ping,et al.  Decentralized Power Control for Random Access with Successive Interference Cancellation , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[48]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Cognitive Radio Network for the Smart Grid: Experimental System Architecture, Control Algorithms, Security, and Microgrid Testbed , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[49]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Cross-Layer Design for TCP Performance Improvement in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[50]  Oriol Sallent,et al.  ETSI reconfigurable radio systems: status and future directions on software defined radio and cognitive radio standards , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[51]  Hanif D. Sherali,et al.  Throughput Maximization for Multi-Hop Wireless Networks with Network-Wide Energy Constraint , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[52]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Green sensing and access: energy-throughput trade-offs in cognitive networking , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[53]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  A Survey of Worldwide Spectrum Occupancy Measurement Campaigns for Cognitive Radio , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Devices and Communications (ICDeCom).

[54]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey on recent developments and potential synergies , 2013, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[55]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey , 2006, Comput. Networks.

[56]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  Cognitive Radio for Smart Grids: Survey of Architectures, Spectrum Sensing Mechanisms, and Networking Protocols , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[57]  Borko Furht,et al.  HSDPA/HSUPA Handbook , 2010 .

[58]  Mung Chiang,et al.  Power Control for Cognitive Radio Networks: Axioms, Algorithms, and Analysis , 2012, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[59]  Walter Tuttlebee,et al.  Software defined radio : origins, drivers and international perspectives , 2002 .

[60]  Srinivasan Seshan,et al.  CogNet: an architectural foundation for experimental cognitive radio networks within the future internet , 2006, MobiArch '06.

[61]  Walid Saad,et al.  Distributed Cooperative Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: An Overlapping Coalition Formation Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[62]  A. Hugine,et al.  Cognitive radio applications to dynamic spectrum allocation: a discussion and an illustrative example , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[63]  Danijela Cabric,et al.  Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Over $\kappa{-}\mu$ and $\kappa{-}\mu$ Extreme Fading Channels , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[64]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  A survey on bio-inspired networking , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[65]  Hassan Artail,et al.  Data delivery guarantees in congested Vehicular ad hoc networks using cognitive networks , 2011, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference.

[66]  Zhu Han,et al.  Dynamic Energy Trading for Energy Harvesting Communication Networks: A Stochastic Energy Trading Game , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[67]  Shamik Sengupta,et al.  Vulnerabilities in cognitive radio networks: A survey , 2013, Comput. Commun..

[68]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Routing Metrics of Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[69]  Huseyin Arslan,et al.  Cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptiv wireless systems , 2007 .

[70]  V. C. Gungor,et al.  Cognitive Radio Networks for Smart Grid Applications: A Promising Technology to Overcome Spectrum Inefficiency , 2012, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[71]  Insoo Koo,et al.  Access Strategy for Hybrid Underlay-Overlay Cognitive Radios With Energy Harvesting , 2014, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[72]  Zhigang Cao,et al.  Cooperative Beamforming for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Cross-Layer Design , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[73]  Ananthram Swami,et al.  Power control in cognitive radio networks: how to cross a multi-lane highway , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[74]  R.W. Brodersen,et al.  Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios , 2004, Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004..

[75]  Rong Yu,et al.  Toward cloud-based vehicular networks with efficient resource management , 2013, IEEE Network.

[76]  Frank H. P. Fitzek,et al.  Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications , 2006 .

[77]  Swades De,et al.  Smart RF energy harvesting communications: challenges and opportunities , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[78]  Eleonora Borgia,et al.  The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[79]  N. Jesuale,et al.  A Policy Proposal to Enable Cognitive Radio for Public Safety and Industry in the Land Mobile Radio Bands , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[80]  Nancy Alonistioti,et al.  Software Defined Radio: Architectures, Systems and Functions , 2003 .

[81]  Sergio Barbarossa,et al.  Swarming Algorithms for Distributed Radio Resource Allocation: A Further Step in the Direction of an Ever-Deeper Synergism Between Biological Mathematical Modeling and Signal Processing , 2013, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[82]  Tracey Ho,et al.  Node-Capture Resilient Key Establishment in Sensor Networks: Design Space and New Protocols , 2014, ACM Comput. Surv..

[83]  A. Ghassemi,et al.  Cognitive Radio for Smart Grid Communications , 2010, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.

[84]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[85]  Rudolf Ahlswede,et al.  Network information flow , 2000, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[86]  Kaushik R. Chowdhury,et al.  A survey on MAC protocols for cognitive radio networks , 2009, Ad Hoc Networks.

[87]  Jiming Chen,et al.  Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing by Optimal Scheduling in Sensor-Aided Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[88]  Eitan Altman,et al.  Towards efficient disaster management: 5G and Device to Device communication , 2015, 2015 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM).

[89]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless mesh networks: a survey , 2005, Comput. Networks.

[90]  Gen-Huey Chen,et al.  A Cognitive TCP Design for a Cognitive Radio Network with an Unstable-Bandwidth Link , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[91]  Jianfeng Wang,et al.  Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[92]  Yan Zhang,et al.  A Parallel Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[93]  Mario Gerla,et al.  CoRoute: a new cognitive anypath vehicular routing protocol , 2011, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[94]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Overcoming untuned radios in wireless networks with network coding , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[95]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  CRP: A Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[96]  S. N. Merchant,et al.  A cross-layer framework for symbiotic relaying in cognitive radio networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN).

[97]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Biologically inspired consensus-based spectrum sensing in mobile Ad Hoc networks with cognitive radios , 2010, IEEE Network.

[98]  Tewfik L. Doumi.  Spectrum considerations for public safety in the United States , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[99]  Ilangko Balasingham,et al.  Cognitive radio for medical body area networks using ultra wideband , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[100]  Teerawat Issariyakul,et al.  Tuning radio resource in an overlay cognitive radio network for TCP: Greed isn't good , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[101]  Hamid Sharif,et al.  A Survey on Smart Grid Communication Infrastructures: Motivations, Requirements and Challenges , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[102]  Lei Ding,et al.  ROSA: distributed joint routing and dynamic spectrum allocation in cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2009, MSWiM '09.

[103]  Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto,et al.  A Survey on MAC Strategies for Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[104]  Maria Rita Palattella,et al.  Lessons Learned from the 6TiSCH Plugtests , 2015, IoT 360.

[105]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Cognitive radio sensor networks , 2009, IEEE Network.

[106]  Kevin Ashton,et al.  That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing , 1999 .

[107]  Kaibin Huang,et al.  Opportunistic Wireless Energy Harvesting in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[108]  Leilani Battle,et al.  Building the Internet of Things Using RFID: The RFID Ecosystem Experience , 2009, IEEE Internet Computing.

[109]  Antonio Iera,et al.  The Internet of Things: A survey , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[110]  Qiang Ni,et al.  Nash Bargaining Game Theoretic Scheduling for Joint Channel and Power Allocation in Cognitive Radio Systems , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[111]  G. Ganesan,et al.  Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[112]  Wei Lin,et al.  Artificial Neural Network Based Spectrum Sensing Method for Cognitive Radio , 2010, 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM).

[113]  Joerg Swetina,et al.  Toward a standardized common M2M service layer platform: Introduction to oneM2M , 2014, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[114]  Jeffrey H. Reed,et al.  A new approach to signal classification using spectral correlation and neural networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[115]  Muhammad Ali Imran,et al.  A Survey of Self Organisation in Future Cellular Networks , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[116]  Yusun Chang,et al.  Reinforcement Learning for Repeated Power Control Game in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[117]  Qian Zhang,et al.  Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks , 2009, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[118]  Rui Zhang,et al.  TIGHT: A Geographic Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[119]  Ananthram Swami,et al.  Decentralized cognitive MAC for opportunistic spectrum access in ad hoc networks: A POMDP framework , 2007, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[120]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Improving vehicular safety message delivery through the implementation of a cognitive vehicular network , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[121]  Haiming Wang,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Cluster-Based Architecture in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2009, VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[122]  Jelena V. Misic.  Cooperative Sensing at the MAC Level in Simple Cognitive Personal Area Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[123]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  Distributed Power Allocation for Secondary Users in a Cognitive Radio Scenario , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[124]  Jeffrey G. Andrews,et al.  What Will 5G Be? , 2014, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[125]  Kaushik R. Chowdhury,et al.  Design of spectrum database assisted cognitive radio vehicular networks , 2012, 2012 7th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM).

[126]  Carolyn L. Talcott,et al.  Policy-Based Cognitive Radios , 2007, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[127]  Ning Liu,et al.  Spatiotemporal Compressive Network Coding for Energy-Efficient Distributed Data Storage in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Communications Letters.

[128]  Chien-Chung Shen,et al.  ROP: Near-Optimal Rendezvous for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[129]  L. Ma,et al.  Dynamic open spectrum sharing MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[130]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  HC-MAC: A Hardware-Constrained Cognitive MAC for Efficient Spectrum Management , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[131]  Seong-Jun Oh,et al.  Beamforming in a Multi-User Cognitive Radio System with Partial Channel State Information , 2013, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[132]  Marco Di Felice,et al.  SEARCH: A routing protocol for mobile cognitive radio ad-Hoc networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium.

[133]  Liang Yin,et al.  Optimal Cooperation Strategy in Cognitive Radio Systems with Energy Harvesting , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[134]  Samson Lasaulce,et al.  A Repeated Game Formulation of Energy-Efficient Decentralized Power Control , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[135]  Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri,et al.  Optimization of hard fusion based spectrum sensing for energy-constrained cognitive radio networks , 2013, Phys. Commun..

[136]  Ping Wang,et al.  Robust optimization of cognitive radio networks powered by energy harvesting , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).

[137]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  Opportunistic Cooperative Networking: To Relay or Not To Relay? , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[138]  Jyh-Cheng Chen,et al.  Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Relay Networks , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[139]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Trust Assistance for Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad hoc Networks , 2015, DIVANet@MSWiM.

[140]  Li Chen,et al.  Energy-efficient cooperative sensing scheduling for heterogeneous channel access in Cognitive Radio , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops.

[141]  Sijing Zhang,et al.  Cognitive radio networks for Internet of Things: Applications, challenges and future , 2013, 2013 19th International Conference on Automation and Computing.

[142]  K. J. Ray Liu,et al.  Joint Spectrum Sensing and Access Evolutionary Game in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[143]  Roy Want,et al.  An introduction to RFID technology , 2006, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[144]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey , 2011, Phys. Commun..

[145]  Chao Yang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Hybrid Spectrum Access Scheme in Cognitive Vehicular Ad hoc Networks , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[146]  Xiao Ma,et al.  Spectrum Aware Routing for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks with a Single Transceiver , 2008, 2008 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom 2008).

[147]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Analyzing the potential of cooperative Cognitive Radio technology on inter-vehicle communication , 2010, 2010 IFIP Wireless Days.

[148]  Xiao Lu,et al.  Adaptive power management for wireless base stations in a smart grid environment , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[149]  Chunsheng Xin,et al.  FMAC: A fair MAC protocol for coexisting cognitive radio networks , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[150]  Jiang Xie,et al.  A practical self-adaptive rendezvous protocol in cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2014, IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[151]  Adrish Banerjee,et al.  Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio With Channel-Aware Sensing Strategy , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[152]  Kok-Lim Alvin Yau,et al.  On Cognitive Radio-based Wireless Body Area Networks for medical applications , 2013, 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Healthcare and e-health (CICARE).

[153]  Jacques Palicot.  Cognitive radio: an enabling technology for the green radio communications concept , 2009, IWCMC.

[154]  Ilangko Balasingham,et al.  Cognitive radio for medical wireless body area networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD).

[155]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  RF-powered cognitive radio networks: technical challenges and limitations , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[156]  K. J. Ray Liu,et al.  Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[157]  Hanif D. Sherali,et al.  Multicast Communications in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[158]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  Statistical Routing for Multihop Wireless Cognitive Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[159]  Chien-Chung Shen,et al.  A Path-Centric Channel Assignment Framework for Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks , 2008, Mob. Networks Appl..

[160]  Colin O'Flynn,et al.  Making sensor networks IPv6 ready , 2008, SenSys '08.

[161]  Wu He,et al.  Developing Vehicular Data Cloud Services in the IoT Environment , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[162]  Baltasar Beferull-Lozano,et al.  Quasi-Nash Equilibria for Non-Convex Distributed Power Allocation Games in Cognitive Radios , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[163]  François Carrez,et al.  A Practical Evaluation of Information Processing and Abstraction Techniques for the Internet of Things , 2015, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[164]  Prathima Agrawal,et al.  Effect of Dynamic Spectrum Access on Transport Control Protocol Performance , 2009, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[165]  Masafumi Moriyama,et al.  Novel timing synchronization technique for public safety communication systems employing heterogeneous cognitive radio , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).

[166]  Aylin Yener,et al.  Incentivizing Signal and Energy Cooperation in Wireless Networks , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[167]  H. Arslan,et al.  Public Safety and Emergency Case Communications: Opportunities from the Aspect of Cognitive Radio , 2008, 2008 3rd IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[168]  K. R. Chowdhury,et al.  Smart Radios for Smart Vehicles: Cognitive Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[169]  Eric Sollenberger,et al.  Test & Evaluation of Cognitive and Dynamic Spectrum Access Radios Using the Cognitive Radio Test System , 2015, 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall).

[170]  Prathima Agrawal,et al.  Synchronized MAC Protocol For Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[171]  Kwok Hung Li,et al.  Energy-Efficient Joint Design of Sensing and Transmission Durations for Protection of Primary User in Cognitive Radio Systems , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[172]  Shengli Xie,et al.  Cognitive machine-to-machine communications: visions and potentials for the smart grid , 2012, IEEE Network.

[173]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Cognitive Wireless Mesh Networks with Dynamic Spectrum Access , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[174]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Power-Controlled Cognitive Radio Spectrum Allocation with Chemical Reaction Optimization , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[175]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[176]  Peter Friess,et al.  Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap , 2011 .

[177]  Lei Yang,et al.  Pricing-Based Decentralized Spectrum Access Control in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2013, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[178]  Zhimin Zeng,et al.  Signal Classification Based on Cyclostationary Spectral Analysis and HMM/SVM in Cognitive Radio , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.

[179]  Satyam Agarwal,et al.  DSAT-MAC: Dynamic slot allocation based TDMA MAC protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, 2012 Ninth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN).

[180]  Sergio Barbarossa,et al.  A Bio-Inspired Swarming Algorithm for Decentralized Access in Cognitive Radio , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[181]  Yu Hui,et al.  Study on application modes of military Internet of Things (MIOT) , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE).

[182]  Sungsoo Park,et al.  Achievable Throughput of Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[183]  Sudharman K. Jayaweera,et al.  A Survey on Machine-Learning Techniques in Cognitive Radios , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[184]  Vikram Srinivasan,et al.  Low Delay MAC Scheduling for Frequency-Agile Multi-Radio Wireless Networks , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[185]  Ákos Lédeczi,et al.  Putting the software radio on a low-calorie diet , 2010, Hotnets-IX.

[186]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  Optimising TCP over cognitive radio networks for trains , 2012, 2012 12th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[187]  Marwan Krunz,et al.  Power Minimization in MIMO Cognitive Networks using Beamforming Games , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[188]  Brandon F. Lo.  A survey of common control channel design in cognitive radio networks , 2011, Phys. Commun..

[189]  Antonio Pescapè,et al.  Integration of Cloud computing and Internet of Things: A survey , 2016, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[190]  Ryan Littman-Quinn,et al.  Using TV white space spectrum to practise telemedicine: A promising technology to enhance broadband internet connectivity within healthcare facilities in rural regions of developing countries , 2016, Journal of telemedicine and telecare.

[191]  Luigi Paura,et al.  Reactive routing for mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2012, Ad Hoc Networks.

[192]  Vinod M. Prabhakaran,et al.  Decentralized erasure codes for distributed networked storage , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[193]  Qian Zhang,et al.  Partial Network Coding: Theory and Application for Continuous Sensor Data Collection , 2006, 200614th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service.

[194]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs): approaches and challenges , 2014, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[195]  Vipul Gupta,et al.  Freeze-TCP: a true end-to-end TCP enhancement mechanism for mobile environments , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[196]  J. Mitola,et al.  Cognitive radio for flexible mobile multimedia communications , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC'99) (Cat. No.99EX384).

[197]  Jiang Xie,et al.  ProSpect: A Proactive Spectrum Handoff Framework for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks without Common Control Channel , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[198]  Falko Dressler,et al.  Self-organization in sensor and actor networks , 2007, Wiley series in communications networking and distributed systems.

[199]  Erik Dahlman,et al.  4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband , 2011 .

[200]  Pin-Han Ho,et al.  A Novel Sensing Coordination Framework for CR-VANETs , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[201]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  The software radio architecture , 1995, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[202]  S. Kawade,et al.  Can Cognitive Radio Access to TV White Spaces Support Future Home Networks? , 2010, 2010 IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum (DySPAN).

[203]  Antonio F. Gómez-Skarmeta,et al.  Evaluation and recommendations on IPv6 for the Internet of Things , 2015, 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[204]  Zhongding Lei,et al.  IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[205]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds , 2014, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[206]  Jeffrey H. Reed.  Software Radio , 2002 .

[207]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive Radio An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio , 2000 .

[208]  Serge Fdida,et al.  Research challenges towards the Future Internet , 2011, Comput. Commun..

[209]  A. Ghasemi,et al.  Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[210]  Jiming Chen,et al.  Sensing-Performance Tradeoff in Cognitive Radio Enabled Smart Grid , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[211]  C. Cordeiro,et al.  C-MAC: A Cognitive MAC Protocol for Multi-Channel Wireless Networks , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[212]  Sixing Yin,et al.  Achievable Throughput Optimization in Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Systems , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[213]  Frank Eliassen,et al.  Energy minimization approach for optimal cooperative spectrum sensing in sensor-aided cognitive radio networks , 2010, 2010 The 5th Annual ICST Wireless Internet Conference (WICON).

[214]  Hanif D. Sherali,et al.  Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Hop Networking with Cognitive Radios , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[215]  Daniela Nicklas,et al.  Benefits of Integrating Meta Data into a Context Model , 2005, Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops.

[216]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Survey on energy harvesting wireless communications: Challenges and opportunities for radio resource allocation , 2015, Comput. Networks.

[217]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[218]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  Integration of Cognitive Radio Technology with unmanned aerial vehicles: Issues, opportunities, and future research challenges , 2015, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[219]  Yu-Dong Yao,et al.  A Cooperative Sensing Based Cognitive Relay Transmission Scheme Without a Dedicated Sensing Relay Channel in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[220]  Weidong Xiang,et al.  A full functional wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE) prototype upon the IEEE 802.11p standard for vehicular communications and networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[221]  K. B. Letaief,et al.  Optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing with energy detection in cognitive radio networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[222]  Luca De Nardis,et al.  Mobility-aware design of cognitive radio networks: Challenges and opportunities , 2010, 2010 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[223]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  OPERA: Optimal Routing Metric for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[224]  Maria Rita Palattella,et al.  Internet of Things in the 5G Era: Enablers, Architecture, and Business Models , 2016, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[225]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Cooperative spectrum management in cognitive Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[226]  Xing Zhang,et al.  Hybrid Spectrum Access in Cognitive-Radio-Based Smart-Grid Communications Systems , 2014, IEEE Systems Journal.

[227]  An He,et al.  A Survey of Artificial Intelligence for Cognitive Radios , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[228]  Atsushi Takahara,et al.  Emerging technologies in communications , 2013, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[229]  Jianfeng Wang,et al.  Applications, challenges, and prospective in emerging body area networking technologies , 2010, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[230]  Maziar Nekovee,et al.  A survey of cognitive radio access to TV White Spaces , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops.