Testing impact of knowledge characteristics and relationship ties on project performance

– The aim of this paper is to empirically test and find the correlation between knowledge characteristics and relationship ties on project performance., – Data were collected via personal interviews based on a structured survey of project managers in a knowledge‐intensive firm. The data were analyzed using a multiple regression model., – The results show that project performance was positively related to the frequency and closeness of source, and difficulty of the “knowledge element” described in the survey. Interestingly, against the prevalent view, the source and the level of tacitness of the knowledge element were not found to be significant., – Data are limited to specific corporate setting and variables are not exhaustive, despite the fact that this study includes the most theoretically interesting variables. One implication is that strong ties to a knowledge element source are important for project success, but distinctions between internal and external sources, and degree of codification, are not., – This study also implies that, in this day and age of knowledge management and chief knowledge officers, most of the important knowledge may already have been codified inside the firm, thus alleviating the past focus on transfer of tacit knowledge. This fact also implies that firms that are left behind in terms of managing their knowledge inside the firm stand to lose a lot more since the other firms are managing their own knowledge base better., – This paper incorporates and empirically tests most of the variables considered important to theoreticians and practitioners in the realm of knowledge management and network theory. The latter theory is important in the field of knowledge management because it offers the link and medium in which knowledge travels and transfers.

[1]  W. Powell,et al.  Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology. , 1996 .

[2]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos , 1998 .

[3]  Charles F. Sabel,et al.  Pragmatic Collaborations: Advancing Knowledge While Controlling Opportunism , 2000 .

[4]  R. Sitgreaves Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). , 1979 .

[5]  Mark S. Granovetter T H E S T R E N G T H O F WEAK TIES: A NETWORK THEORY REVISITED , 1983 .

[6]  I. Cockburn,et al.  Scale, scope, and spillovers: the determinants of research productivity in drug discovery. , 1996, The Rand journal of economics.

[7]  E. Matthews PATTERNS OF DISCOVERY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES , 1973 .

[8]  P. Bierly,et al.  Generic knowledge strategies in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry , 1996 .

[9]  Mary Tripsas UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION: COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND INCUMBENT SURVIVAL IN THE TYPESETTER INDUSTRY: UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION , 1997 .

[10]  K. Eisenhardt Coevolving : At last, a way to make synergies work , 2000 .

[11]  Bruce Kogut,et al.  Knowledge, Market Failure and the Multinational Enterprise: A Reply , 1995 .

[12]  Mark S. Granovetter The Strength of Weak Ties , 1973, American Journal of Sociology.

[13]  J. Barney Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[14]  John E. Prescott,et al.  The global integration of business functions: a study of multinational businesses in integrated global industries , 2003 .

[15]  Estelle Brodman,et al.  Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information Within the R&D Organization (Book Review) , 1978 .

[16]  D. Teece Firm organization, industrial structure, and technological innovation☆ , 1996 .

[17]  D. Teece,et al.  The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms: an Introduction , 1994 .

[18]  Donald G. Marquis,et al.  Successful industrial innovations : a study of factors underlying innovation in selected firms , 1969 .

[19]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  The Art of Continuous Change : Linking Complexity Theory and Time-Paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations , 1997 .

[20]  M. Polanyi,et al.  Personal Knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy , 1959 .

[21]  Paul Diesing,et al.  Patterns of Discovery in the Social Sciences. , 1972 .

[22]  L. Cronbach Essentials of psychological testing , 1960 .

[23]  Daniel Z. Levin,et al.  The Strength of Weak Ties You Can Trust: The Mediating Role of Trust in Effective Knowledge Transfer , 2004, Manag. Sci..

[24]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN ORGANIZATIONS: MULTIPLE NETWORKS, MULTIPLE PHASES , 2005 .

[25]  Lori Rosenkopf BEYOND LOCAL SEARCH : BOUNDARY-SPANNING , EXPLORATION AND IMPACT IN THE OPTICAL DISC INDUSTRY Running Head : “ Beyond Local Search ” , 2000 .

[26]  R. Katz,et al.  An Investigation into the Managerial Roles and Career Paths of Gatekeepers and Project Supervisors in a Major R&D Facility : R&D Management , 2011 .

[27]  R. Grant Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal (17), pp. , 1996 .

[28]  R. Grant The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation , 1991 .

[29]  B. Wernerfelt,et al.  A Resource-Based View of the Firm , 1984 .

[30]  ReagansRay,et al.  Networks, Diversity, and Productivity , 2001 .

[31]  C. Prahalad,et al.  The core competence of the corporation’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. pp. . , 1990 .

[32]  Andrew B. Hargadon,et al.  Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. , 1997 .

[33]  Anil K. Gupta,et al.  Knowledge flows within multinational corporations , 2000 .

[34]  E. Rogers Diffusion of Innovations , 1962 .

[35]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation , 1993 .

[36]  Karel Cool,et al.  Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage , 1989 .

[37]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks : Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance , 2007 .

[38]  Kathleen M. Eisenhardt,et al.  Integrating Knowledge in Groups: How Formal Interventions Enable Flexibility , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[39]  Ezra W. Zuckerman,et al.  Networks, Diversity, and Productivity: The Social Capital of Corporate R&D Teams , 2001 .

[40]  E. Johnsen Richard M. Cyert & James G. March, A Behavioral Theory of The Firm, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1963, 332 s. , 1964 .

[41]  J. Liebeskind,et al.  Knowledge, Strategy, and the Theory of the Firm , 1996 .

[42]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits , 1999 .

[43]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test , 1995 .

[44]  R. Henderson The evolution of integrative capability: innovation in cardiovascular drug discovery , 1994 .

[45]  B. Silverman,et al.  R&D, ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE , 2004 .

[46]  S. Winter,et al.  An evolutionary theory of economic change , 1983 .

[47]  D. Mowery,et al.  Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer , 1996 .

[48]  J. Brown,et al.  Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation , 1991 .

[49]  D. Lazer,et al.  The Strength of Strong Ties , 2003 .

[50]  Julian Birkinshaw,et al.  Special Issue: Knowledge, Knowing, and Organizations: Knowledge as a Contingency Variable: Do the Characteristics of Knowledge Predict Organization Structure? , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[51]  G. Stalk,et al.  Competing on capabilities: the new rules of corporate strategy. , 1992, Harvard business review.

[52]  Ron Sanchez,et al.  Dynamics of competence-based competition: Theory and practice in the new strategic management , 1997 .

[53]  K. R. Conner,et al.  A Resource-Based Theory of the Firm: Knowledge Versus Opportunism , 1996 .

[54]  B. Kogut,et al.  Exploring internal stickiness : Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm , 2007 .

[55]  D. Teece,et al.  DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1997 .

[56]  B. Uzzi,et al.  The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect , 1996 .

[57]  Kenneth J. Rothwell Administrative issues in developing economies , 1972 .

[58]  A OkhuysenGerardo,et al.  Integrating Knowledge in Groups , 2002 .

[59]  D. Krackhardt The strength of strong ties: The importance of Philos in organizations , 2003 .

[60]  M. Shubik,et al.  A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. , 1964 .

[61]  I. Cockburn,et al.  Measuring competence?: exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research , 1994 .

[62]  A. Zaheer,et al.  Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities , 1999 .

[63]  N. Sundberg,et al.  Assessment of persons , 1977 .

[64]  C. Prahalad,et al.  The Core Competence of the Corporation , 1990 .

[65]  Mary Tripsas Unraveling The Process Of Creative Destruction: Complementary Assets And Incumbent Survival In The Typesetter Industry , 1997 .

[66]  D. Teece Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets , 2004 .

[67]  Yongtae Park,et al.  Linkage between knowledge management and R&D management , 2005, J. Knowl. Manag..

[68]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING AND INNOVATION , 1990 .

[69]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PAST RESEARCH, PRESENT FINDINGS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS , 1995 .

[70]  M. Polanyi Personal Knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy , 1959 .

[71]  Ikujiro Nonaka,et al.  Managing the new product development process , 1985 .

[72]  B. Kogut,et al.  What Firms Do? Coordination, Identity, and Learning , 1996 .

[73]  Jonathon N. Cummings Work Groups, Structural Diversity, and Knowledge Sharing in a Global Organization , 2004, Manag. Sci..

[74]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Knowledge-Based View: A New Theory of Strategy? , 2006 .

[75]  Mary Kwak Searching for Search Costs , 2001 .

[76]  R. Sanchez,et al.  Strategic Learning and Knowledge Management , 1997 .

[77]  Amalya L. Oliver,et al.  Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms , 1994 .

[78]  N. Lin,et al.  Social structure and network analysis , 1985 .

[79]  Joel Fischer,et al.  Measures for Clinical Practice: A Sourcebook , 1987 .