Real-Time Multi-Object Tracking using Random Finite Sets

The multi-object Bayes (MOB) filter uses random finite sets (RFSs) to represent a scene. A drawback of this filter is the computational complexity of the multi-object likelihood function. In this contribution, an approximation of the multi-object likelihood function is presented allowing for real-time implementation on a graphics processing unit using sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. Additionally, a track extraction algorithm using clustering as well as an approach to determine the existence probability of each single object are proposed.

[1]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  The Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density Filter , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[2]  Daryl J. Daley,et al.  An Introduction to the Theory of Point Processes , 2013 .

[3]  R. Mahler,et al.  PHD filters of higher order in target number , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[4]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  Adaptive Target Birth Intensity for PHD and CPHD Filters , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[5]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  On performance evaluation of multi-object filters , 2008, 2008 11th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[6]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  A Consistent Metric for Performance Evaluation of Multi-Object Filters , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[7]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  Probabilistic Robotics (Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents) , 2005 .

[8]  A. Doucet,et al.  Sequential Monte Carlo methods for multitarget filtering with random finite sets , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[9]  Darko Musicki,et al.  Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association - JIPDA , 2002, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002. (IEEE Cat.No.02EX5997).

[10]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  Tracking an unknown time-varying number of speakers using TDOA measurements: a random finite set approach , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[11]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  Analytic Implementations of the Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filter , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[12]  R.J. Evans,et al.  Multi-target tracking in clutter without measurement assignment , 2008, 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601).

[13]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Generic Centralized Multi Sensor Data Fusion Based on Probabilistic Sensor and Environment Models for Driver Assistance Systems , 2010, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine.

[14]  Helbing,et al.  Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. , 1995, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[15]  D. Rubin,et al.  Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM - algorithm plus discussions on the paper , 1977 .

[16]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Real-time implementation of a random finite set particle filter , 2011, GI-Jahrestagung.

[17]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Fuzzy estimation and segmentation for laser range scans , 2009, 2009 12th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[18]  Hedvig Kjellström,et al.  Tracking Random Sets of Vehicles in Terrain , 2003, 2003 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

[19]  R. Mahler Multitarget Bayes filtering via first-order multitarget moments , 2003 .

[20]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  The Cardinality Balanced Multi-Target Multi-Bernoulli Filter and Its Implementations , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[21]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Pedestrian tracking using Random Finite Sets , 2011, 14th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[22]  Christopher M. Bishop,et al.  Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics) , 2006 .

[23]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  Convergence Analysis of the Gaussian Mixture PHD Filter , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[24]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Adapting the state uncertainties of tracks to environmental constraints , 2010, 2010 13th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[25]  Ronald P. S. Mahler,et al.  Statistical Multisource-Multitarget Information Fusion , 2007 .

[26]  Branko Ristic,et al.  A Metric for Performance Evaluation of Multi-Target Tracking Algorithms , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[27]  Ba-Ngu Vo,et al.  The para-normal Bayes multi-target filter and the spooky effect , 2012, 2012 15th International Conference on Information Fusion.