A low-power high-sensitivity CMOS voltage-to-frequency converter

This paper presents a low-cost high-speed CMOS voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) which targets front-end sensor interfacing in wireless sensor networks applications. The proposed VFC, designed in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology supplied at 3 V, is very simple, obtaining at the same time high performance characteristics: it operates with a power consumption below 1.03 mW at output frequencies ranging from 1.198 MHz to 2.186 MHz given a 1.0–2.0 V input (1 MHz/V sensitivity) with an accuracy better than 1 %.