Balancing energy and daylighting performances for envelope design: A new index and proposition of a case study in Hong Kong

Abstract Being healthy and energy saving have become two important principles of building development. Daylight is an influential factor with the characteristics of both photometry and radiometry. Irradiance brings solar heat gains that transfer to building cooling load, while illuminance provides a luminous environment and affects artificial lighting system at the same time. To balance the energy and daylighting performances, it is reasonable to minimize the environmental load under moderate comfort conditions. This study first quantified luminous comfort with a dynamic daylighting metric, average daylight autonomy (Ave. DA300), from a questionnaire survey and simulation work. The benchmark of this metric should range from 29.6% to 57.8% for high-rise residential buildings. With this guideline, the Hong Kong public housing units is found that part of units lack of daylight due to the high building floor and density, while some units have potential to save energy by compromising daylighting performance. Therefore, a new index, energy daylight rate (EDR), is proposed to help decide the best scenario of envelope design for both daylighting and shading purposes. The results show that opening a secondary window is an efficient way to bring more light in and lengthening overhang is an efficient way to block excessive sunlight. This method and the new index are proved to have the ability to help defining proper building envelope design at the early stage.

[1]  Tm Chung.  Daylighting in Hong Kong: potential and problems , 2003 .

[2]  G. Masters,et al.  A comparison of latent trait and latent class analyses of Likert-type data , 1985 .

[3]  Cheuk Ming Mak,et al.  Post-occupancy evaluation of sunshades and balconies’ effects on luminous comfort through a questionnaire survey , 2016 .

[4]  Umberto Berardi,et al.  The benefits of light shelves over the daylight illuminance in office buildings in Toronto , 2016 .

[5]  Christoph F. Reinhart,et al.  The daylit area – Correlating architectural student assessments with current and emerging daylight availability metrics , 2012 .

[6]  Umberto Berardi,et al.  Daylighting in an atrium-type high performance house , 2014 .

[7]  Zhenjun Ma,et al.  Building energy research in Hong Kong: A review , 2009 .

[8]  Barry Haynes,et al.  An evaluation of the impact of the office environment on productivity , 2008 .

[9]  Peng Xue,et al.  The effects of daylighting and human behavior on luminous comfort in residential buildings: A questionnaire survey , 2014 .

[10]  Jan Hensen,et al.  Considerations on design optimization criteria for windows providing low energy consumption and high visual comfort , 2012 .

[11]  Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzaman,et al.  Achieving energy and cost savings through simple daylighting control in tropical historic buildings , 2015 .

[12]  Ertunga C. Özelkan,et al.  Optimizing complex building design for annual daylighting performance and evaluation of optimization algorithms , 2015 .

[13]  Kyle Konis,et al.  A novel circadian daylight metric for building design and evaluation , 2017 .

[14]  Paul J. Littlefair.  Opinion: Climate-based daylighting modelling in practice , 2015 .

[15]  Jianlei Niu,et al.  Comprehensive analysis on thermal and daylighting performance of glazing and shading designs on office building envelope in cooling-dominant climates , 2014 .

[16]  Lisa Heschong,et al.  Approved Method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) , 2012 .

[17]  Ramkishore Singh,et al.  Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of energy and visual performances of office building with external venetian blind shading in hot-dry climate , 2016 .

[18]  P. O. Fanger,et al.  Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environmental engineering, , 1972 .

[19]  Per Heiselberg,et al.  Control strategies for intelligent glazed façade and their influence on energy and comfort performance of office buildings in Denmark , 2015 .

[20]  Kaleigh Ruth Campbell.  The LEED Rating System and the International Green Construction Code: A Comparative Analysis of Green Building Design Approaches , 2016 .

[21]  John Mardaljevic,et al.  Useful daylight illuminance: a new paradigm for assessing daylight in buildings , 2005 .

[22]  D. Arasteh,et al.  Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock , 2008 .

[23]  K. Sopian,et al.  Daylighting as a passive solar design strategy in tropical buildings: a case study of Malaysia , 2002 .

[24]  Yu Huang,et al.  Quantification of luminous comfort with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings , 2016 .

[25]  Kwang Ho Lee,et al.  Automated control strategies of inside slat-type blind considering visual comfort and building energy performance , 2012 .

[26]  Christoph F. Reinhart,et al.  Validation of dynamic RADIANCE-based daylight simulations for a test office with external blinds , 2001 .

[27]  John Mardaljevic,et al.  Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design , 2006 .

[28]  Lisa Heschong,et al.  Daylight metrics and energy savings , 2009 .

[29]  Marco Frascarolo,et al.  An innovative lighting system for residential application that optimizes visual comfort and conserves energy for different user needs , 2014 .

[30]  Richard de Dear,et al.  Nonlinear relationships between individual IEQ factors and overall workspace satisfaction , 2012 .

[31]  V. Loftness,et al.  Multi-objective optimization of building envelope for energy consumption and daylight , 2014 .

[32]  Guy R. Newsham,et al.  Lighting quality and energy-efficiency effects on task performance , 1998 .

[33]  Umberto Berardi,et al.  The development of a monolithic aerogel glazed window for an energy retrofitting project , 2015 .

[34]  Miguel Ángel Campano,et al.  Window design in architecture: Analysis of energy savings for lighting and visual comfort in residential spaces , 2016 .

[35]  D. Li,et al.  An analysis of measured and simulated daylight illuminance and lighting savings in a daylit corridor , 2005 .

[36]  Alpin Köknel Yener,et al.  A method of obtaining visual comfort using fixed shading devices in rooms , 1998 .

[37]  Ra Rizki Mangkuto,et al.  Design optimisation for window size, orientation, and wall reflectance with regard to various daylight metrics and lighting energy demand: A case study of buildings in the tropics , 2016 .

[38]  Cheuk Ming Mak,et al.  New static lightshelf system design of clerestory windows for Hong Kong , 2014 .

[39]  Danny H.W. Li,et al.  Daylighting and energy implications due to shading effects from nearby buildings , 2007 .