Platform-Specific Self-Branding: Imagined Affordances of the Social Media Ecology

Despite the recent uptick in academic literature on self-branding across the fields of Internet studies, business/marketing, and media/cultural industries, the ways in which the digital self-brand gets reproduced across a sprawling social media ecology remains comparatively under-theorized. Our paper draws upon in-depth interviews with 42 creative workers---including designers/artists, bloggers/writers, online content creators, and marketers/publicists---to understand how independent professionals present themselves and their work in the digital economy. We show that despite the common refrain of maintaining a "consistent" online persona, creative workers continuously negotiate their self-presentation activities through a logic we term 'platform-specific self-branding'. The platform-specific self-brand, we contend, is based upon the "imagined affordances" [44] of individual platforms and their placement within the larger social media ecology. Such imaginations are constructed through the interplay of: 1) platform features; 2) assumptions about the audience; and 3) the producer's own self-concept. We conclude that creative workers' incitement to incessantly monitor and re-fashion their digital personae in platform-specific ways marks an intensification of the 'always on' laboring subjectivity required to vie for attention in a precarious creative economy.

[1]  Maeve Duggan,et al.  Social Media Update 2016 , 2016 .

[2]  Rowan Wilken Mobile media and ecologies of location , 2015 .

[3]  Joshua McVeigh-Schultz,et al.  Thinking of You: Vernacular Affordance in the Context of the Microsocial Relationship App, Couple , 2015 .

[4]  Laurence Clennett-Sirois It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens , 2014 .

[5]  Zizi Papacharissi Without You, I'm Nothing: Performances of the Self on Twitter , 2012 .

[6]  Robert W. Gehl,et al.  Ladders, samurai, and blue collars: Personal branding in Web 2.0 , 2011, First Monday.

[7]  William W. Gaver Technology affordances , 1991, CHI.

[8]  Jefferson Pooley,et al.  The #nofilter Self: The Contest for Authenticity among Social Networking Sites, 2002–2016 , 2017 .

[9]  J. V. van Dijck ‘You have one identity’: performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn , 2013 .

[10]  Elizabeth Fish Hatfield (Not) getting paid to do what you love: Gender, social media, and aspirational work , 2018 .

[11]  Tama Leaver,et al.  Instagrammatics and digital methods: studying visual social media, from selfies and GIFs to memes and emoji , 2016, Communication Research and Practice.

[12]  Eszter Hargittai,et al.  The Imagined Audience on Social Network Sites , 2016 .

[13]  Angela Mcrobbie CLUBS TO COMPANIES: NOTES ON THE DECLINE OF POLITICAL CULTURE IN SPEEDED UP CREATIVE WORLDS , 2002 .

[14]  D. Boyd Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics , 2010 .

[15]  Zoetanya Sujon,et al.  Brooke Erin Duffy, (Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love Gender, Social Media, and Aspirational Work , 2017 .

[16]  Anne Helmond,et al.  The Platformization of the Web: Making Web Data Platform Ready , 2015 .

[17]  Danah Boyd,et al.  Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[18]  Jessica Vitak,et al.  Explicating Affordances: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Affordances in Communication Research , 2017, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[19]  N. Ellison,et al.  Social Network Site Affordances and Their Relationship to Social Capital Processes , 2015 .

[20]  B. Duffy,et al.  “Having it All” on Social Media: Entrepreneurial Femininity and Self-Branding Among Fashion Bloggers , 2015 .

[21]  Tarleton Gillespie,et al.  The politics of ‘platforms’ , 2010, New Media Soc..

[22]  Alison Hearn `Meat, Mask, Burden` , 2008 .

[23]  Colin Potts,et al.  Design of Everyday Things , 1988 .

[24]  E. Goffman The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , 1959 .

[25]  Katie Davis,et al.  Identity Development in the Digital Age: An Eriksonian Perspective , 2017 .

[26]  C. Lane,et al.  A Company of One: Insecurity, Independence, and the New World of White-Collar Unemployment , 2011 .

[27]  Anne Helmond,et al.  The Affordances of Social Media Platforms , 2018 .

[28]  M. Indergaard Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries , 2014 .

[29]  Alice E. Marwick Status update: Celebrity, publicity and self-branding in Web 2.0 , 2010 .

[30]  Adrienne Massanari,et al.  Designing for imaginary friends: information architecture, personas and the politics of user-centered design , 2010, New Media Soc..

[31]  Gina Neff,et al.  Entrepreneurial Labor among Cultural Producers: “Cool” Jobs in “Hot” Industries , 2005 .

[32]  Melissa Aronczyk,et al.  Blowing up the brand : critical perspectives on promotional culture , 2010 .

[33]  B. Hogan The Presentation of Self in the Age of Social Media: Distinguishing Performances and Exhibitions Online , 2010 .

[34]  Tara Janine Liss-Marino,et al.  Sell (It) Yourself: Marketing Pleasure in Digital DIY , 2014 .

[35]  Ian Hutchby,et al.  Technologies, Texts and Affordances , 2001 .

[36]  J. Dijck The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media , 2013 .

[37]  E. Litt Knock, Knock. Who's There? The Imagined Audience , 2012 .

[38]  José van Dijck,et al.  'You have one identity': performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn , 2013 .

[39]  Danah Boyd,et al.  Friends, Friendsters, and Top 8: Writing community into being on social network sites , 2006, First Monday.

[40]  Jesse Adams Stein,et al.  Be Creative: Making a Living in the New Culture Industries , 2017 .

[41]  Xuan Zhao,et al.  The Social Media Ecology: User Perceptions, Strategies and Challenges , 2016, CHI.

[42]  Rebecca Gray,et al.  Understanding User Beliefs About Algorithmic Curation in the Facebook News Feed , 2015, CHI.

[43]  Urszula Pruchniewska,et al.  Gender and self-enterprise in the social media age: a digital double bind , 2017 .

[44]  A. Strauss,et al.  The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research aldine de gruyter , 1968 .

[45]  Rosalind Gill,et al.  Gender and Creative Labour , 2015 .

[46]  S. Greenberg,et al.  The Psychology of Everyday Things , 2012 .

[47]  D. Boyd Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications , 2010 .

[48]  Joseph Turow,et al.  The Role of “The Audience” in Publishing Children's Books , 1982 .

[49]  Ulrike Cress,et al.  Self-presentation in professional networks: More than just window dressing , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[50]  James S. Ettema,et al.  AudienceMaking: How the Media Create the Audience , 1994 .

[51]  James J. Gibson,et al.  The ecological approach to perception , 1977 .

[52]  H. Blair `You're only as Good as Your Last Job': The Labour Process and Labour Market in the British Film Industry , 2001 .

[53]  Joseph Turow,et al.  Audience Construction and Culture Production: Marketing Surveillance in the Digital Age , 2005 .

[54]  Martin Oliver,et al.  The Problem with Affordance , 2005 .

[55]  Michelle F. Wright,et al.  Identity, sexuality, and relationships among emerging adults in the digital age , 2017 .

[56]  Nicole S. Cohen Entrepreneurial Journalism and the Precarious State of Media Work , 2015 .

[57]  Nick Montfort,et al.  Platform Studies: Frequently Questioned Answers , 2009 .

[58]  Alessandro Gandini,et al.  Digital work , 2016 .

[59]  I. Hutchby Technologies, Texts and Affordances , 2001 .

[60]  Lee Humphreys,et al.  Pinning Design: The Curatorial Labor of Creative Professionals , 2016 .

[61]  Danah Boyd,et al.  I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience , 2011, New Media Soc..

[62]  Jefferson Pooley,et al.  The Consuming Self: From Flappers to Facebook , 2010 .

[63]  Gina Neff,et al.  Imagined Affordance: Reconstructing a Keyword for Communication Theory , 2015 .