Schedule‐induced aggression in humans and animals: A comparative parametric review

Studies of animal and human aggression induced by schedules of reinforcement are reviewed. Parameters reviewed include: schedules, characteristics of induced aggression, subject variables, target variables, and the control or modification of schedule-induced aggression. With the exception of temporal locus of schedule-induced attack, the parameters identified with animal subjects are remarkably similar to those identified with human subjects.

[1]  D. Cherek,et al.  Fixed-interval-induced aggression , 1971 .

[2]  G. Gallup.  Aggression in rats as a function of frustrative nonreward in a straight alley , 1965 .

[3]  T A Looney,et al.  Pictorial target control of schedule-induced attack in White Carneaux pigeons. , 1974, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[4]  R. W. Richards,et al.  Aversive aspects of a fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement. , 1972, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[5]  O. R. White.  A glossary of behavioral terminology , 1971 .

[6]  R Flory,et al.  Attack behavior as a function of minimum inter-food interval. , 1969, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[7]  H. Davis,et al.  Extinction induced social interaction in rats , 1967 .

[8]  R G Geen,et al.  Film violence and the cue properties of available targets. , 1966, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[9]  N H AZRIN,et al.  Time-out from Positive Reinforcement , 1961, Science.

[10]  W. Gentry.  Fixed-ratio schedule-induced aggression. , 1968, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[11]  F M Webbe,et al.  Induced attack during multiple fixed-ratio, variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement. , 1974, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[12]  N. Azrin,et al.  Attack, avoidance, and escape reactions to aversive shock. , 1967, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[13]  J. M. Cole,et al.  Stimulus control of schedule-induced aggression in the pigeon , 1969 .

[14]  J. M. Cole,et al.  Schedule-induced aggression: Access to an attackable target bird as a positive reinforcer , 1971 .

[15]  D. Cherek,et al.  Schedule-induced aggression as a function of fixed-ratio value. , 1970, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[16]  W. A. Harrell,et al.  Effects of extinction on magnitude of aggression in humans , 1972 .

[17]  L. Berkowitz,et al.  Aggression: A Social Psychological Analysis. , 1964 .

[18]  Extinction-induced aggression during errorless discrimination learning. , 1973, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[19]  N. Azrin.  Punishment of elicited aggression. , 1970, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[20]  D F Hake,et al.  Extinction-induced aggression. , 1966, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[21]  T A Looney,et al.  Schedule-induced mirror responding in the pigeon. , 1973, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[22]  R. Ulrich,et al.  Reflexive fighting in response to aversive stimulation. , 1962, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[23]  R. Flory.  Attack behavior in a multiple fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement , 1969 .

[24]  W. Gentry.  Effect of Time-Out from Positive Reinforcement on Aggressive Behavior in Young Children , 1970, Psychological reports.

[25]  J. Knutson.  Aggression during the fixed-ratio and extinction components of a multiple schedule of reinforcement. , 1970, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[26]  J. Knutson,et al.  Attack during differential reinforcement of a low rate of responding , 1970 .

[27]  Frequency of reinforcement as a determinant of extinction-induced aggression during errorless discrimination learning. , 1975, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[28]  S. B. Kendall,et al.  Preference for intermittent reinforcement. , 1974, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[29]  N H Azrin,et al.  Conditioning of the aggressive behavior of pigeons by a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. , 1967, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[30]  J. Dardano,et al.  Self-imposed timeouts under increasing response requirements. , 1973, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[31]  B. Skinner,et al.  Conditioned and unconditioned aggression in pigeons. , 1963, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[32]  L. Dove.  Relation between level of food deprivation and rate of schedule-induced attack. , 1976, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[33]  N. Miller.  I. The frustration-aggression hypothesis. , 1941 .

[34]  W. A. Harrell,et al.  Two Fixed-Ratio Schedules and Their Impact on Aggression in Humans , 1974, Psychological reports.

[35]  N. Miller,et al.  Frustration and aggression , 1939 .

[36]  Hutchinson Rr.  The environmental causes of aggression. , 1972 .

[37]  Lee W. Frederiksen,et al.  Schedule-Induced Aggression in Nursery School Children , 1974 .

[38]  A. Bandura.  Aggression: a social learning analysis , 1971 .

[39]  J. Falk.  The nature and determinants of adjunctive behavior. , 1971, Physiology & behavior.

[40]  T. Thompson,et al.  Aggressive behavior and extinction-induced response-rate increase , 1966 .

[41]  N H Azrin,et al.  OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR ATTACK PRODUCED BY INTERMITTENT REINFORCEMENT OF A CONCURRENT OPERANT RESPONSE ' , 2022 .

[42]  D. Hake,et al.  An extinction-induced increase in an aggressive response with humans. , 1970, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[43]  L. I. O'kelly,et al.  A Note on Long Enduring Emotional Responses in the Rat , 1939 .

[44]  Responding maintained by the opportunity to attack during an interval food reinforcement schedule. , 1973, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[45]  C. Roberts,et al.  Elicitation and punishment of intraspecies aggression by the same stimulus. , 1971, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.