Metallization of polythiophenes II. Interaction of vapor-deposited Cr, V and Ti with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)

Abstract We have studied the chemical structure and the nature of the reaction at the interfaces between a semiconducting conjugated polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and the three coinage metals: Cu, Ag and Au. The initial stages of interface formation were followed, with the type and extent of chemical reaction being determined by XPS. It is found that both Cu and Ag react exclusively at the S atom of the P3HT while Au does not appear to reaact at all.

[1]  W. R. Salaneck,et al.  Electronic structure of the aluminum/polythiophene interface: A joint experimental and theoretical study , 1991 .

[2]  G. Wegner,et al.  Structural analysis of poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s , 1989 .

[3]  P. Bodö,et al.  Adhesion of evaporated titanium to polyethylene: Effects of ion bombardment pretreatment , 1984 .

[4]  Henrik Stubb,et al.  Molecular field‐effect transistors using conducting polymer Langmuir–Blodgett films , 1990 .

[5]  R. Baetzold,et al.  The application of photoemission, molecular orbital calculations, and molecular mechanics to the silver–poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) interface , 1991 .

[6]  S. Ikeda,et al.  The adsorption of SO2 on iron surfaces studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , 1978 .

[7]  A. Heeger,et al.  Spectroscopic studies of soluble poly(3-alkylthienylenes) , 1987 .

[8]  R. N. Marks,et al.  Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers , 1990, Nature.

[9]  R. L. Elsenbaumer,et al.  Highly conducting, soluble, and environmentally-stable poly(3-alkylthiophenes) , 1986 .

[10]  Bruno Ullrich,et al.  Realization of a blue-light-emitting device using poly(p-phenylene)†‡ , 1992 .

[11]  F. Ohuchi,et al.  Metal polyimide interface: A titanium reaction mechanism , 1986 .

[12]  D. Langer,et al.  Electronic Core Levels of theIIB−VIACompounds , 1971 .

[13]  C. Nordling,et al.  Charge transfer in transition metal carbides and related compounds studied by ESCA , 1969 .

[14]  M. Leclerc,et al.  Poly(3,3′-dibutoxy-2,2′-bithiophene): a new highly conjugated polythiophene derivative , 1991 .

[15]  Chuan Yi Tang,et al.  A 2.|E|-Bit Distributed Algorithm for the Directed Euler Trail Problem , 1993, Inf. Process. Lett..

[16]  R. L. Elsenbaumer,et al.  Handbook of conducting polymers , 1986 .

[17]  A. Heeger,et al.  Visible light emission from semiconducting polymer diodes , 1991 .

[18]  William R. Salaneck,et al.  The chemical and electronic structure of the interface between aluminum and polythiophene semiconductors , 1993 .

[19]  W. F. Egelhoff Core-level binding-energy shifts at surfaces and in solids , 1987 .

[20]  A. Itoh,et al.  Some Aspects of ESCA Spectra of Single Crystals and Thin Films of Titanium Carbide , 1973 .

[21]  D. Fichou,et al.  An all‐organic "soft" thin film transistor with very high carrier mobility , 1990 .

[22]  R. H. Williams,et al.  Valence band structures and core-electron energy levels in the monochalcogenides of gallium. Photoelectron spectroscopic study , 1972 .

[23]  P. Ho,et al.  Interdiffusion at the polyimide-Cu interface , 1985 .

[24]  M. G. Mason Electronic structure of supported small metal clusters , 1983 .

[25]  D. Salahub,et al.  New algorithm for the optimization of geometries in local density functional theory , 1990 .

[26]  W. Stickle,et al.  Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy , 1992 .

[27]  R. W. Gymer,et al.  Chemical tuning of electroluminescent copolymers to improve emission efficiencies and allow patterning , 1992, Nature.

[28]  Susumu Tanaka,et al.  Soluble conducting polythiophenes , 1986 .

[29]  N. J. Chou,et al.  Interfacial reaction during metallization of cured polyimide: An XPS study , 1984 .

[30]  Jeffrey T. Roberts,et al.  Reactions of ethanethiol on Mo(110): formation and decomposition of a surface alkyl thiolate , 1988 .

[31]  David Braun,et al.  Metal-polymer schottky barriers on cast films of soluble poly(3-alkylthiophenes) , 1987 .

[32]  R. Friend,et al.  New semiconductor device physics in polymer diodes and transistors , 1988, Nature.