A Ray Based Method to Evaluate Scattering by Vegetation Elements

Contributions from trees may represent an important part of wireless communication channels in outdoor environments. For this reason, a simple ray-based model for scattering by tree branches has been developed and implemented in a pre-existent ray-tracing tool. In addition to the new rays created by scattering, an empirical attenuation model has also been implemented. Simulations have been validated with measurements in a campus scenario where several trees where present alongside the propagation environment. Received power results show an increase in accuracy when accounting for trees.

[1]  Mark A. Weissberger,et al.  An initial critical summary of models for predicting the attenuation of radio waves by trees , 1982 .

[2]  Roger H. Lang,et al.  MICROWAVE SCATTERING MODELS FOR CYLINDRICAL VEGETATION COMPONENTS , 2005 .

[3]  C. Oestges,et al.  Ray-tracing evaluation of diffuse scattering in an outdoor scenario , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).

[4]  Roger H. Lang,et al.  A Simplified Analytical Model to Predict the Specific Attenuation of a Tree Canopy , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  A. Fung,et al.  Electromagnetic wave scattering from some vegetation samples , 1988 .

[6]  Kamal Sarabandi,et al.  A Monte Carlo coherent scattering model for forest canopies using fractal-generated trees , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[7]  J. Kong,et al.  Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves, Numerical Simulations , 2001 .

[8]  Franco Fuschini,et al.  Measurement and modelling of scattering from building walls , 2005 .

[9]  Derek A. McNamara,et al.  Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction , 1990 .

[10]  Yvo L. C. de Jong,et al.  A tree-scattering model for improved propagation prediction in urban microcells , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[11]  K. L. Chee,et al.  Foliage Attenuation Over Mixed Terrains in Rural Areas for Broadband Wireless Access at 3.5 GHz , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[12]  W. Vogel,et al.  Earth-satellite tree attenuation at 20 GHz: foliage effects , 1993 .