Eleven Ways to Look at the Chi-Squared Coefficient for Contingency Tables

This article has been written in recognition of the 100th anniversary of introduction of the concept of association between categorical variables by Yule and Pearson. The most popular among the contingency coefficients, Pearson's chi-squared, estimates the bias of a cross-classification from the statistical independence. Also, it measures association per se between the row and column variables. The purpose of this article is to present a collection of 11 definitions for the chi-squared coefficient related to either of these goals. One of the quoted definitions of the chisquared coefficient seems especially appealing as an association measure: the averaged relative Quetelet index of category-to-category associations.

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