A model for predicting engine torque response during rapid throttle transients in port-injected spark-ignition engines

In this paper equations describing the transient behaviour of air and liquid fuel in the intake system of port injected engines are used to predict firstly the variations in air/fuel ratio and ultimately the variations in engine torque that result from rapid throttle openings. Corresponding values of measured and predicted data are compared over a range of conditions and show that the model predicts essentially the correct trends.