Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common complications of diabetes. Unfortunately, in many cases the patient is not aware of any symptoms until it is too late for effective treatment. Through analysis of evoked potential response of the retina, the optical nerve, and the optical brain center, a way will be paved for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and prognosis during the treatment process. In this paper, we present an artificial-neural-network-based method to classify diabetic retinopathy subjects according to changes in visual evoked potential spectral components and an anatomically realistic computer model of the human eye under normal and retinopathy conditions in a virtual environment using 3D Max Studio and Windows Movie Maker.

[1]  A. Kramarenko,et al.  Brief Communication VALIDITY OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF EVOKED POTENTIALS IN BRAIN RESEARCH , 2002, The International journal of neuroscience.

[2]  Hong-Kyu Kim,et al.  Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Koreans With NIDDM , 1998, Diabetes Care.

[3]  O. Cohen,et al.  Complication-free duration and the risk of development of retinopathy in elderly diabetic patients. , 1998, Archives of internal medicine.

[4]  C. Ryan,et al.  Why is learning and memory dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes limited to older adults? , 2000, Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.

[5]  Ramaswamy Palaniappan,et al.  Recursive digital filter for fast visual evoked potential estimation and classification , 2001 .

[6]  Public health focus: prevention of blindness associated with diabetic retinopathy. , 1993, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[7]  A. Marrelli,et al.  Spectral Analysis of Visual Potentials Evoked by Pattern‐Reversal Checkerboard in Juvenile Patients With Headache , 2001, Headache.

[8]  F. K. Lam,et al.  Adaptive neural network filter for visual evoked potential estimation , 1995, Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks.

[9]  G. Comi.  Evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus. , 1997, Clinical neuroscience.

[10]  E. Adachi-Usami,et al.  Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy , 2002, Ophthalmologica.

[11]  G. R. Kulkarni,et al.  An integrated facility for data acquisition and analysis of biomedical signals. Case studies on VEP, IVS , 1995, Proceedings of the First Regional Conference, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society and 14th Conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society of India. An International Meet.

[12]  F. K. Lam,et al.  Visual evoked potential estimation by artificial neural network filter: comparison with the ensemble averaging method , 1995, Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[13]  C.E. Davila,et al.  Optimal detection of visual evoked potentials , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[14]  C. Chen,et al.  Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects: a 4-year follow-up. , 1995, International journal of epidemiology.

[15]  V. Parisi,et al.  Visual evoked potentials after photostress in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with or without retinopathy , 1994, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.

[16]  Alireza Khotanzad,et al.  Adaptive line enhancement of steady-state visual evoked potentials , 1993, [1993] Proceedings of the Twelfth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference.

[17]  E. Micheli-Tzanakou,et al.  2-D spatial frequency dependence of VEPs: A neural network analysis , 1993, 1993 IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference.

[18]  E. Micheli-Tzanakou,et al.  Applications of neural networks in biomedical engineering , 1990, Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE Colloquium in South America.

[19]  Anita Koushik,et al.  Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the Cree of James Bay , 2002, Ophthalmic epidemiology.

[20]  V. Parisi,et al.  Neural conduction in visual pathways in newly-diagnosed IDDM patients. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[21]  D. Nathan,et al.  Prevention of long-term complications of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1995, Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale.

[22]  Timothy J. Dasey,et al.  Detection of multiple sclerosis with visual evoked potentials - an unsupervised computational intelligence system , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[23]  S. Fotopoulos,et al.  Latency measurement improvement of P100 complex in visual evoked potentials by FMH filters , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  Björn Johansson,et al.  Fourier analysis of steady-state visual evoked potentials in subjects with normal and defective stereo vision , 2000, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[25]  Ahmet Ademoglu,et al.  Prestimulus EEG classification by means of parametric methods to characterize evoked potential variabilities , 1992, Proceedings of the 1992 International Biomedical Engineering Days.

[26]  Power spectrum and optimal filtering for visual evoked potentials to pattern reversal. , 1990, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[27]  E. Micheli-Tzanakou,et al.  Biomedical applications of parallel processing and artificial neural networks , 1992, Proceedings of the 1992 International Biomedical Engineering Days.

[28]  O V Nedzvetskaia,et al.  [Clinical and functional characteristics of changes in the optic nerve in juvenile diabetic retinopathy]. , 2001, Vestnik oftalmologii.

[29]  E. Basar,et al.  Auditory And Visual Evoked Potentials: Topographic And Modality-dependent Differences In The Frequency Domain , 1991, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991.

[30]  R Bergström,et al.  Retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15-50 years in the county of Umeå, Sweden. , 1999, Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica.

[31]  V. Parisi,et al.  Impaired saccadic eye movement in diabetic patients: the relationship with visual pathways function , 2004, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[32]  A. Alm,et al.  The association of hyperlipidemia with retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15-50 years in the county of Umeå. , 1999, Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica.

[33]  G. Pizzamiglio,et al.  Visual evoked potentials in NIDDM: a longitudinal study , 1995, Diabetologia.

[34]  A. Sperduti,et al.  Diabetic retina analyser , 1996, Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[35]  Hung T. Nguyen,et al.  Classification of diabetic retinopathy using neural networks , 1996, Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[36]  P. Zimmet,et al.  The Rising Global Burden of Diabetes and its Complications: Estimates and Projections to the Year 2010 , 1997, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[37]  H. Orimo,et al.  Risk Factors for Development of Retinopathy in Elderly Japanese Patients With Diabetes Mellitus , 1993, Diabetes Care.

[38]  E. Micheli-Tzanakou,et al.  An adaptive approach to spectral analysis of pattern-reversal visual potentials , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[39]  L. Leija,et al.  3D visualization, simulation, animation and modeling of eye-pupil movements and visual field for clinical applications , 1996, Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[40]  Analysis of VEP using phase information , 1988, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[41]  M. Lauricella,et al.  Involvment of the visual evoked potentials in type I insulin-dependent diabetes. , 1986, Metabolic, pediatric, and systemic ophthalmology.

[42]  K. Al-Rubeaan,et al.  Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Saudi diabetics , 1998, International Ophthalmology.

[43]  Günter Henning,et al.  Phase estimation of visual evoked responses , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[44]  Ronald G. Emerson,et al.  Automated evoked potential analysis using backpropagation networks , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (Cat. No.98CH36227).

[45]  F. Chiarelli,et al.  Visual evoked potentials in young persons with newly diagnosed diabetes: a long‐term follow‐up , 2000, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[46]  S. Balkan,et al.  Visual evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus , 1988, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[47]  A M Hamilton,et al.  Diabetic retinopathy – An historical review , 2001, Seminars in ophthalmology.

[48]  E. Micheli-Tzanakou,et al.  A Knowledge Based Neural Network Classifier For Visual Evoked Potentials , 1991, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991.

[49]  X. Kong,et al.  Latency change estimation for evoked potentials via frequency selective adaptive phase spectrum analyzer , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[50]  M. Oliveri,et al.  Somatosensory and visual evoked potentials study in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. , 1996, Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology.

[51]  T. Demiralp,et al.  An RBF approach to single trial VEP estimation , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 2nd International Conference Biomedical Engineering Days.

[52]  E. Harris,et al.  Black-white differences in risk of developing retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes. , 1999, Diabetes care.

[53]  R. Seidl,et al.  Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials and Visually Evoked Potentials in Young Patients With IDDM , 1996, Diabetes Care.

[54]  L. Bongiovanni,et al.  Visual Evoked Potentials in Diabetic Children and Adolescents , 1984, Diabetes Care.

[55]  Nedzvetskaia Ov,et al.  [Clinical and functional characteristics of changes in the optic nerve in juvenile diabetic retinopathy]. , 2001, Vestnik oftalmologii.

[56]  P. Wong,et al.  Visual evoked responses in diabetes. , 1983, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[57]  J.I. Aunon,et al.  Evoked potentials research , 1992, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[58]  Stephen J. Aldington,et al.  United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, 30: diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors. , 1998, Archives of ophthalmology.

[59]  P. Genton,et al.  Visual Evoked Potentials in Diabetic Patients , 1989, Diabetes Care.

[60]  M. Takagi,et al.  Temporal modulation transfer function of vision by pattern visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis. , 1993, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.