Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells

Stem cell transplantation represents a critical approach for the treatment of many malignant and non‐malignant diseases. The foundation for these approaches is the ability to cryopreserve marrow cells for future use. This technique is routinely employed in all autologous settings and is critical for cord blood transplantation. A variety of cryopreservatives have been used with multiple freezing and thawing techniques as outlined in the later chapters. Freezing efficiency has been proven repeatedly and the ability of long‐term stored marrow to repopulate has been established. Standard approaches outlined here are used in many labs as the field continues to evolve. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

[1]  S. Vai,et al.  Severe respiratory depression after autologous bone marrow infusion. , 1992, Haematologica.

[2]  O. Tournilhac,et al.  Uncontrolled‐rate freezing and storage at –80°C, with only3.5‐percent DMSO in cryoprotective solution for 109 autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantations , 2001, Transfusion.

[3]  G. Ruiz-Argüelles,et al.  Filgrastim‐mobilized peripheral‐blood stem cells can be stored at 4 degrees and used in autografts to rescue high‐dose chemotherapy , 1995, American journal of hematology.

[4]  Mehmet Toner,et al.  Cryopreservation of stem cells using trehalose: evaluation of the method using a human hematopoietic cell line. , 2004, Stem cells and development.

[5]  Y. Kawano,et al.  Cryopreservation of mobilized blood stem cells at a higher cell concentration without the use of a programmed freezer , 2003, Annals of Hematology.

[6]  J. García,et al.  Washing of cord blood grafts after thawing: high cell recovery using an automated and closed system * , 2004, Vox sanguinis.

[7]  T. Lane,et al.  Retention of cellular properties of PBPCs following liquid storage and cryopreservation , 2004, Transfusion.

[8]  M. Sanz Cord-blood transplantation in patients with leukemia--a real alternative for adults. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  Placental blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into unrelated recipients. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  K. Havemann,et al.  Storage of noncryopreserved periphered blood stem cells for transplantation , 1996, Annals of Hematology.

[11]  C. Stroh,et al.  The role of caspases in cryoinjury: caspase inhibition strongly improves the recovery of cryopreserved hematopoietic and other cells , 2002 .

[12]  R. Bornstein,et al.  Controlled-rate versus uncontrolled-rate cryopreservation of peripheral blood progenitor cells: a prospective multicenter study. Group for Cryobiology and Biology of Bone Marrow Transplantation (CBTMO), Spain. , 1998, Haematologica.

[13]  S. Glück,et al.  The role of depletion of dimethyl sulfoxide before autografting: on hematologic recovery, side effects, and toxicity. , 2004, Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

[14]  K. Takagi,et al.  Effects of long-term cryopreservation on hematopoietic progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood , 1999, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[15]  A. Donnenberg,et al.  Viability of cryopreserved BM progenitor cells stored for more than a decade. , 2002, Cytotherapy.

[16]  A. Storch,et al.  Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Proliferation and Multipotency of Murine Neural Precursor Cells , 2005, Stem cells.

[17]  S. Braun,et al.  Commentary: Immunohistochemistry represents a useful tool to study human cell engraftment in SCID mice transplantation models. , 1994, Blood cells.

[18]  N. Beauchamp,et al.  Reversible leukoencephalopathy associated with re-infusion of DMSO preserved stem cells , 2000, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[19]  D. Bodine,et al.  Improved engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice carrying human cytokine transgenes , 1995, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[20]  M. Wang,et al.  Effective cryopreservation and long-term storage of primary human hepatocytes with recovery of viability, differentiation, and replicative potential. , 1995, Cell transplantation.

[21]  T. Zwingers,et al.  [DMSO in patients with active gonarthrosis. A double-blind placebo controlled phase III study]. , 1995, Fortschritte der Medizin.

[22]  Stored placental blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. , 1993 .

[23]  W. Bensinger,et al.  Microbial contamination of peripheral blood stem cell collections. , 1996, Bone marrow transplantation.

[24]  J. Adamson,et al.  Processing and cryopreservation of placental/umbilical cord blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[25]  A. Zander,et al.  Long‐term follow‐up of leukaemia patients after related cryopreserved allogeneic bone marrow transplantation , 1997, British journal of haematology.

[26]  T. Gutteberg,et al.  Hepatitis B virus‐infected peripheral blood progenitor cell harvests in liquid nitrogen freezer containing non‐infectious products , 2004, Transfusion.

[27]  T. Gooley,et al.  Effect of Cell Concentration on Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Cryopreservation , 1994 .

[28]  J. Dobrinsky CELLULAR APPROACH TO CRYOPRESERVATION OF EMBRYOS , 1996 .

[29]  H. Schöler,et al.  Formation of Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Mammalian Embryo Depends on the POU Transcription Factor Oct4 , 1998, Cell.

[30]  W. Siegert,et al.  Microbiologic Contamination of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Autografts , 1994, Vox sanguinis.

[31]  P. Iványi,et al.  Preservation of immunological and colony-forming capacities of long-term (15 years) cryopreserved cord blood cells. , 1998, Transplantation.

[32]  J. Wagner,et al.  Umbilical-cord blood transplantation for the treatment of cancer , 2003, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[33]  W. Sibrowski,et al.  Cryopreservation reduces the concentration of detectable bacteria in contaminated peripheral blood progenitor cell products , 2004, Transfusion.

[34]  C. Wardrop,et al.  Guidelines for administration of blood products: transfusion of infants and neonates , 1994 .

[35]  M. Gordon,et al.  Optimal timing for processing and cryopreservation of umbilical cord haematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation , 1999, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[36]  V. Kale,et al.  Supplementation of conventional freezing medium with a combination of catalase and trehalose results in better protection of surface molecules and functionality of hematopoietic cells. , 2003, Journal of hematotherapy & stem cell research.

[37]  J. Akabutu,et al.  Damage and protection of UC blood cells during cryopreservation. , 2001, Cytotherapy.

[38]  J. Hung,et al.  The Activity in ex vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Myeloid Progenitor Cells before and after Cryopreservation , 2001, Acta Haematologica.

[39]  J. Szer,et al.  Neurological events associated with the infusion of cryopreserved bone marrow and/or peripheral blood progenitor cells , 2000, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[40]  L. Larratt,et al.  Association of post-thaw viable CD34+ cells and CFU-GM with time to hematopoietic engraftment , 2005, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[41]  M. Crump,et al.  Microbial contamination of harvested bone marrow and peripheral blood. , 1995, Bone marrow transplantation.

[42]  M. Brecher,et al.  Evaluation of an automated culture systemfor detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms , 2001, Transfusion.

[43]  D. Bodine,et al.  High-efficiency recovery of functional hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells from human cord blood cryopreserved for 15 years , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  S. Rowley,et al.  Long-term cryopreservation of bone marrow for autologous transplantation. , 1996, Bone marrow transplantation.

[45]  G. Poggi,et al.  Clinical toxicity of cryopreserved circulating progenitor cells infusion. , 1998, Anticancer research.

[46]  A. Goldstone,et al.  Hepatitis B transmission from contaminated cryopreservation tank , 1995, The Lancet.

[47]  J. Kearney,et al.  AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. , 1997, Blood.

[48]  G. Salles,et al.  Epileptic seizures after autologous peripheral blood progenitor infusion in a patient treated with high-dose chemotherapy for myeloma , 2002, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[49]  S. Asano,et al.  Wash‐out of DMSO does not improve the speed of engraftment of cord blood transplantation: follow‐up of 46 adult patients with units shipped from a single cord blood bank , 2003, Transfusion.

[50]  M. Červinka,et al.  Containers for freezing and storage of bone marrow stem cells. , 1991, Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove.

[51]  D. Niederwieser,et al.  Variation in dimethyl sulfoxide use in stem cell transplantation: a survey of EBMT centres , 2005, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[52]  R. Tedder,et al.  Hepatitis B nucleotide sequence analysis: linking an outbreak of acute hepatitis B to contamination of a cryopreservation tank. , 1996, Journal of virological methods.

[53]  R. Marcus,et al.  Bacterial contamination of peripheral blood progenitor cells for transplantation , 1996, Transfusion medicine.

[54]  D. Branch,et al.  Hematopoietic progenitor cells are resistant to dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity , 1994, Transfusion.

[55]  H. Prentice,et al.  Acute haemoglobinaemia associated with the reinfusion of bone marrow buffy coat for autologous bone marrow transplantation. , 1991, Bone marrow transplantation.

[56]  J. Armitage,et al.  Cryopreservation and infusion of autologous peripheral blood stem cells. , 1990, Bone marrow transplantation.

[57]  C. Chabannon,et al.  Preclinical evaluation of an automated closed fluid management device: CytomateTM, for washing out DMSO from hematopoietic stem cell grafts after thawing , 2003, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[58]  O. Bruserud,et al.  No differences in colony formation of peripheral blood stem cells frozen with 5% or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. , 2003, Journal of hematotherapy & stem cell research.

[59]  C. Le Forestier,et al.  A simple, efficient washing procedure for cryopreserved human hematopoietic stem cells prior to reinfusion. , 1991, Bone marrow transplantation.

[60]  D. Cilloni,et al.  Primitive hematopoietic progenitors within mobilized blood are spared by uncontrolled rate freezing , 1999, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[61]  S. Inaba,et al.  The effects of a simplified method for cryopreservation and thawing procedures on peripheral blood stem cells , 1997, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[62]  G. Jovčić,et al.  The cryopreservation protocol optimal for progenitor recovery is not optimal for preservation of marrow repopulating ability , 1999, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[63]  Angelique M. Nelson,et al.  Controlled-rate freezing of human ES cells. , 2005, BioTechniques.

[64]  G. Ehninger,et al.  Thawing of cryopreserved mobilized peripheral blood--comparison between waterbath and dry warming device. , 2002, Cytotherapy.

[65]  A. Skotnicki,et al.  [Methods for freezing, thawing and viability estimation of hemopoietic stem cells]. , 1999, Przeglad lekarski.

[66]  P. Perseghin,et al.  Satisfactory recovery and viability of stem cells cryopreserved at high cell concentration. , 1997, Transfusion science.

[67]  M. Czuczman,et al.  Severe respiratory depression after dimethylsulphoxide-containing autologous stem cell infusion in a patient with AL amyloidosis , 2000, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[68]  R. Benjamin,et al.  Liquid nitrogen freezers: a potential source of microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell components , 1997, Transfusion.

[69]  QingYun Mai,et al.  Cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells by vitrification. , 2004, Chinese medical journal.

[70]  P. Rebulla Cord blood banking 2002: 112,010 of 7,914,773 chances , 2002, Transfusion.

[71]  S. Moore,et al.  Massive hemolysis secondary to α‐toxin release , 2005 .

[72]  R. Strauss,et al.  Bacterial contamination rates following processing of bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell preparations , 1996, Transfusion.

[73]  N. Ketheesan,et al.  Effect of cryopreservation on the immunogenicity of umbilical cord blood cells. , 2004, Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis.

[74]  G. Martinelli,et al.  Evaluation of acute toxicities associated with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell reinfusion in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy , 2000, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[75]  T. Goecke,et al.  Cord blood processing with an automated and functionally closed system , 2003, Transfusion.

[76]  S. Piantadosi,et al.  Clinical toxicity of cryopreserved bone marrow graft infusion. , 1990, Blood.

[77]  J. Baselga,et al.  Systemic therapy emergencies. , 2000, Seminars in oncology.

[78]  W. Hiddemann,et al.  Comparison of CD34+ cell numbers and colony growth before and after cryopreservation of peripheral blood progenitor and stem cell harvests: influence of prior chemotherapy , 1997, Transfusion.

[79]  M. Ruz,et al.  Leukapheresis components may be cryopreserved at high cell concentrations without additional loss of HPC function , 2000, Transfusion.

[80]  E. Gluckman Hematopoietic stem-cell transplants using umbilical-cord blood. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[81]  A. Hubel,et al.  Liquid storage, shipment, and cryopreservation of cord blood , 2004, Transfusion.

[82]  H. Meryman,et al.  Freezing injury from "solution effects" and its prevention by natural or artificial cryoprotection. , 1977, Cryobiology.

[83]  J. Critser,et al.  Cutting Edge Communication: Osmometric and Permeability Characteristics of Human Placental/Umbilical Cord Blood CD34T+ Cells and Their Application to Cryopreservation , 2000 .

[84]  M. Labopin,et al.  Long-term cryopreservation of human stem cells. , 1992, Bone marrow transplantation.

[85]  P. Came,et al.  Biohazard: virus-contaminated liquid nitrogen. , 1976, Science.

[86]  L. Villalón,et al.  Cryopreserving with increased cellular concentrations of peripheral blood progenitor cells: clinical results. , 2002, Haematologica.

[87]  A. Smith,et al.  A rapid and efficient method for freezing and recovering clones of embryonic stem cells. , 1992, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[88]  J. Lovelock,et al.  Prevention of Freezing Damage to Living Cells by Dimethyl Sulphoxide , 1959, Nature.

[89]  J. M. Guerra,et al.  Long‐term storage at −80°C of hematopoietic progenitor cells with 5‐percent dimethyl sulfoxide as the sole cryoprotectant , 1999 .

[90]  L. Silberstein,et al.  Placental-blood banking--a new frontier in transfusion medicine. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[91]  Yukio Nakamura,et al.  A simple and efficient cryopreservation method for primate embryonic stem cells. , 2004, The International journal of developmental biology.

[92]  R. Warwick,et al.  Cord blood banking. , 2004, Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology.

[93]  J. P. Lewis,et al.  The Effect of Cooling Regimens on the Transplantation Potential of Marrow , 1967, Transfusion.

[94]  J. Dick,et al.  SCID mice as an in vivo model of human cord blood hematopoiesis. , 1994, Blood cells.

[95]  D. Dooley,et al.  Assessment of cell viability and apoptosis in human umbilical cord blood following storage. , 2003, Journal of hematotherapy & stem cell research.

[96]  G. Vajta,et al.  Effective cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells by the open pulled straw vitrification method. , 2001, Human reproduction.

[97]  H. Lazarus,et al.  Microbiologic contamination of peripheral blood progenitor cells collected for hematopoietic cell transplantation , 1996, Transfusion.

[98]  J. Dick,et al.  Immature human cord blood progenitors engraft and proliferate to high levels in severe combined immunodeficient mice. , 1994 .

[99]  Luciano Rodríguez,et al.  Evaluation of an automated cell processing device to reduce the dimethyl sulfoxide from hematopoietic grafts after thawing , 2005, Transfusion.

[100]  L. Pivacek,et al.  Effects of the temperature, the duration of frozen storage, and the freezing container on in vitro measurements in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells , 1996, Transfusion.

[101]  C. Hesdorffer,et al.  A semiautomated technique for volume reduction of stem cell suspensions for autotransplantation. , 1995, Journal of hematotherapy.

[102]  J. Ritz,et al.  Sources and sequelae of bacterial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell components: implications for the safety of hematotherapy and graft engineering , 1996, Transfusion.

[103]  S. Kudoh,et al.  Successful liquid storage of peripheral blood stem cells at subzero non-freezing temperature , 2002, Bone Marrow Transplantation.

[104]  O. Hess,et al.  Fatal cardiac arrhythmia after infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide-cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells in a patient with severe primary cardiac amyloidosis and end-stage renal failure , 2000, Annals of Hematology.

[105]  Chi-kong Li,et al.  Trehalose ameliorates the cryopreservation of cord blood in a preclinical system and increases the recovery of CFUs, long‐term culture‐initiating cells, and nonobese diabetic‐SCID repopulating cells , 2003, Transfusion.