Digital Watermarking using Ant Colony Optimization in Fractional Fourier Domain

The paper describes the implementation of a watermarking embedding and retrieval technique using a conceptual approach of bio-inspired algorithm e.g. ant colony optimization (ACO). The essential construct of ACO is pheromone; hence the detection part of watermark is followed through ant’s pheromone trace. The advantage of the proposal is bi-focal, i.e. the incorporation of modified Fractional Fourier domain and subsequently the sharp and noiseless pheromone maps during retrieval reinforce the security against deliberate tampering if any. Finally, the results of the proposed algorithms are presented in terms of improved RMSE index of the watermarked retrieved image after comparing with other contemporary works.

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