VCSEL-Based Optical Transceivers for Future Data Center Applications

Single transceiver data rates are now pushing past 100Gbps using line rates of 25Gbps by means of both spatial and wavelength division multiplexing. The next step is to push line rates in excess of 50Gbps, achieving transceiver data rates of more than 400Gbps. Progress on VCSELs and Photodiodes for 50Gbps/channel data links is reported for both PAM4 and NRZ modulation formats.