Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of microcrystalline lithium cobalt ferrite from spent lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Microcrystalline Li/Co ferrite composite of about 0.14 μm crystallite size has been synthesized successfully by treating a mixture of cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries and iron oxide at temperatures ≥1000 °C and for ≥4 h firing times. XRD analyses indicate that Li0.5Fe2O4/CoFe2O4 composite is formed. Microstructure investigation using optical microscopy reveals the formation of homogeneous structure with non-uniform size and shape of two ferrite phases. At lower temperature (900 °C) and shorter time (1 h) impure ferrite phase with the presence of unreacted Co3O4 and Fe2O3 phases is detected. It is found that the coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) values of synthesized Li/Co ferrite composite increased with increasing the firing time and temperature from 153.6 to 177 Oe and from 58.7 to 76.3 emu/g, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the prepared material can be used as a permanent magnet.

[1]  M. Thackeray,et al.  Lithium-cobalt-nickel-oxide cathode materials prepared at 400°C for rechargeable lithium batteries , 1992 .

[2]  B. K. Chougule,et al.  Microstructure-dependent magnetic properties of Li-Cd ferrites , 1998 .

[3]  X. Cao,et al.  Spindly cobalt ferrite nanocrystals: preparation, characterization and magnetic properties , 2005, Nanotechnology.

[4]  Kyoo-Seung Han,et al.  Simultaneous separation and renovation of lithium cobalt oxide from the cathode of spent lithium ion rechargeable batteries , 2004 .

[5]  H. X. Yang,et al.  A study of LiMn2O4 synthesized from Li2CO3 and MnCO3 , 1998 .

[6]  A. M. Shaikh,et al.  Temperature and frequency-dependent dielectric properties of Zn substituted Li–Mg ferrites , 1999 .

[7]  A. Elfalaky,et al.  Effect of Ti4+ substitution in copper ferrite: an analogous study , 1996 .

[8]  S. Manorama,et al.  Nanosized spinel NiFe2O4: A novel material for the detection of liquefied petroleum gas in air , 2003 .

[9]  Kang-In Rhee,et al.  Preparation of LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries , 2002 .

[10]  S. C. Watawe,et al.  Microstructure, frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties of cobalt-substituted lithium ferrites , 2000 .

[11]  B. A. Calhoun,et al.  Ferromagnetic materials , 1955 .

[12]  P. V. Reddy,et al.  Far-infrared spectral studies of some lithium-nickel mixed ferrites , 1994 .

[13]  M. Rashad,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized nickel ferrites from fly ash for catalytic oxidation of CO , 2005 .

[14]  J. Koh,et al.  Studies of polycrystalline cobalt-substituted lithium ferrites , 1996 .

[15]  Kang-In Rhee,et al.  Reductive leaching of cathodic active materials from lithium ion battery wastes , 2003 .

[16]  A. Fert,et al.  Chapter 9 Transport properties of ferromagnets , 1982 .

[17]  F. Toolenaar,et al.  Reactive sintering of manganese ferrite , 1989 .

[18]  S. C. Watawe,et al.  Microstructure and magnetic properties of Li-Co ferrites , 2000 .

[19]  Florence Ansart,et al.  Advances in the recovering of spent lithium battery compounds , 2002 .

[20]  A. K. Shukla,et al.  Novel solution-combustion synthesis of LiCoO2 and its characterization as cathode material for lithium-ion cells , 2001 .

[21]  Anders Lundblad,et al.  Synthesis of LiCoO2 starting from carbonate precursors I. The reaction mechanisms , 1997 .

[22]  Y. Qian,et al.  Low temperature synthesis of metastable lithium ferrite: magnetic and electrochemical properties , 2005 .

[23]  B. Cullity,et al.  Elements of X-ray diffraction , 1957 .

[24]  G. P. Srivastava,et al.  Dispersion observed in electrical properties of titanium‐substituted lithium ferrites , 1994 .

[25]  Michael J Lain.  Recycling of lithium ion cells and batteries , 2001 .

[26]  M. Tung,et al.  Effect of partial substitution of Ge4+ for Zn2+ on the microstructure and temperature stability of Mn‐Zn ferrites , 1990 .

[27]  Anders Lundblad,et al.  Synthesis of LiCoO2 starting from carbonate precursors II. Influence of calcination conditions and leaching , 1997 .