A Concentration-Time Hybrid Modulation Scheme for Molecular Communications

Significant inter-symbol interference (ISI) challenges the achievement of reliable, high data-rate molecular communication via diffusion. In this paper, a hybrid modulation based on pulse position and concentration is proposed to mitigate ISI. By exploiting the time dimension, molecular concentration and position modulation (MCPM) increases the achievable data rate over conventional concentration and position-based modulations. In addition, unlike multi-molecule schemes, this hybrid scheme employs a single-molecule type and simplifies transceiver implementations. In the paper, the optimal sequence detector of the proposed modulation is provided as well as a reduced complexity detector (two-stage, position-concentration detector, TPCD). A tractable cost function based on the TPCD detector is proposed and employed to optimize the design of the hybrid modulation scheme. In addition, the approximate probability of error for the MCPM-TPCD system is derived and is shown to be tight with respect to simulated performance. Numerically, MCPM is shown to offer improved performance over standard concentration and pulse position-based schemes in the low transmission power and high bit-rate regime. Furthermore, MCPM offers increased robustness against synchronization errors.

[1]  Kyung Sup Kwak,et al.  Run-length aware hybrid modulation scheme for diffusion-based molecular communication , 2014, 2014 14th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT).

[2]  Tatsuya Suda,et al.  Exploratory Research on Molecular Communication between Nanomachines , 2005 .

[3]  Urbashi Mitra,et al.  Capacity of Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication Networks Over LTI-Poisson Channels , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

[4]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  ISI Mitigation Techniques in Molecular Communication , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

[5]  Raviraj S. Adve,et al.  Molecular Communication in Fluid Media: The Additive Inverse Gaussian Noise Channel , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[6]  Kyung Sup Kwak,et al.  Robust Modulation Technique for Diffusion-based Molecular Communication in Nanonetworks , 2014, ArXiv.

[7]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  Three-Dimensional Channel Characteristics for Molecular Communications With an Absorbing Receiver , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[8]  Andrew J. Viterbi,et al.  Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm , 1967, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[9]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  Optimal Reception Delay in Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication , 2018, IEEE Communications Letters.

[10]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Receiver Design for Molecular Communication , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[11]  Murat Kuscu,et al.  Transmitter and Receiver Architectures for Molecular Communications: A Survey on Physical Design With Modulation, Coding, and Detection Techniques , 2019, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[12]  Andrea Goldsmith,et al.  Optimal Detection for One-Shot Transmission Over Diffusion-Based Molecular Timing Channels , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

[13]  Chan-Byoung Chae,et al.  Novel Modulation Techniques using Isomers as Messenger Molecules for Nano Communication Networks via Diffusion , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[14]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  Position-based modulation in molecular communications , 2018, Nano Commun. Networks.

[15]  Mahtab Mirmohseni,et al.  On the Capacity of the Joint Time and Concentration Modulation for Molecular Communications , 2020, ArXiv.

[16]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Modulation Techniques for Communication via Diffusion in Nanonetworks , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[17]  Md. Humaun Kabir,et al.  D-MoSK Modulation in Molecular Communications , 2015, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

[18]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  Energy model for communication via diffusion in nanonetworks , 2010, Nano Commun. Networks.

[19]  Tuna Tugcu,et al.  Error Probability Calculation with Reduced Complexity for Molecular Communications , 2018, 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP).

[20]  Parth H. Pathak,et al.  Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[21]  Amin Gohari,et al.  Diffusion-Based Nanonetworking: A New Modulation Technique and Performance Analysis , 2012, IEEE Communications Letters.

[22]  Urbashi Mitra,et al.  Synchronization Error Robust Transceivers for Molecular Communication , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

[23]  Andrew W. Eckford,et al.  A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Advancements in Molecular Communication , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[24]  Urbashi Mitra,et al.  Concentration and Position-Based Hybrid Modulation Scheme for Molecular Communications , 2020, ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[25]  Ian Oppermann,et al.  UWB theory and applications , 2004 .

[26]  Huseyin Birkan Yilmaz,et al.  Arrival modelling for molecular communication via diffusion , 2014 .

[27]  Massimiliano Pierobon,et al.  Diffusion-based physical channel identification in molecular nanonetworks , 2011, Nano Commun. Networks.

[28]  Vahid Jamali,et al.  On the Design of Matched Filters for Molecule Counting Receivers , 2017, IEEE Communications Letters.

[29]  Abbas Jamalipour,et al.  Wireless communications , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[30]  Vimal Bhatia,et al.  Hybrid Modulation Scheme and Modified Energy Detector for Molecular Communications , 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS).