Microarrays Technologies 2006: an overview.

Biochips & drug discovery Drugs are classified according to their chemical composition into small-molecule drugs (SMDs) and biologics (therapeutic hormones, enzymes, monoclonal antibodies and cytokines and antisense drugs). Andrew Carmen (Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, CA, USA) reviewed the role of biochips in the drug discovery process. Novel therapeutic discovery is both complex and costly, with greater than 99% of the experimental compounds investigated discarded as failures. In the current economic climate, the pharmaceutical industry is faced with the predicament of increased research and development costs and a decline in the number of novel therapeutics reaching the market place. Lean discovery pipelines; pricing, political and competitive pressures; regulatory issues; and sales pressure from generics are contributing

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