Underwater Acoustic Communication in a Highly Refractive Environment Using SC–FDE

Single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) is a promising technique for coherent underwater acoustic communications. The method has a lower peak-to-average power ratio than orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and is more resistant to frequency offset. In this work, SC-FDE performance is evaluated using data collected during the 2009 Cooperative Array Performance Experiment (CAPEx09) that took place near Seattle, WA, USA. CAPEx09 had two densely populated vertical receiving arrays and a highly refractive environment, features that make it suitable for examining issues related to sensor positioning in range and depth. Two-channel equalization results show only a weak dependence on the spacing between the two sensors. Communications performance is interpreted in terms of relevant propagation physics, including acoustic ducting and rough surface scattering. The implications for undersea acoustic networks are discussed.

[1]  Aijun Song,et al.  Effect of reflected and refracted signals on coherent underwater acoustic communication: results from the Kauai experiment (KauaiEx 2003). , 2009, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[2]  Robert L. Frank,et al.  Polyphase codes with good nonperiodic correlation properties , 1963, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[3]  K Tu,et al.  Peer-reviewed Technical Communication Mitigation of Intercarrier Interference for Ofdm over Time-varying Underwater Acoustic Channels , 2022 .

[4]  M. Chitre,et al.  Performance of coded OFDM in very shallow water channels and snapping shrimp noise , 2005, Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE.

[5]  Nevio Benvenuto,et al.  Iterative design and detection of a DFE in the frequency domain , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[6]  L. Freitag,et al.  This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING 1 Peer-Reviewed Technical Communication Multicarrier Communication Over Un , 2022 .

[7]  Carl Eckart,et al.  The Scattering of Sound from the Sea Surface , 1953 .

[8]  S. Shahabudeen,et al.  Recent advances in underwater acoustic communications & networking , 2008, OCEANS 2008.

[9]  James A. Ritcey,et al.  Acoustic Communication Using Time‐Reversal Signal Processing: Spatial and Frequency Diversity , 2005 .

[10]  W. Kuperman,et al.  Computational Ocean Acoustics , 1994 .

[11]  J.A. Ritcey,et al.  Performance of the bit-interleaved frequency domain turbo equalization over experimental underwater acoustic channels , 2008, 2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[12]  Nevio Benvenuto,et al.  Single Carrier Modulation With Nonlinear Frequency Domain Equalization: An Idea Whose Time Has Come—Again , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[13]  J. Gomes,et al.  OFDM demodulation in underwater time-reversed shortened channels , 2008, OCEANS 2008.

[14]  F. Frassati,et al.  Experimental assessment of OFDM and DSSS modulations for use in littoral waters underwater acoustic communications , 2005, Europe Oceans 2005.

[15]  David C. Chu,et al.  Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.) , 1972, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[16]  Daniel Rouseff.  Intersymbol interference in underwater acoustic communications using time-reversal signal processing. , 2005, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[17]  Nevio Benvenuto,et al.  On the comparison between OFDM and single carrier modulation with a DFE using a frequency-domain feedforward filter , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[18]  A.B. Baggeroer,et al.  The state of the art in underwater acoustic telemetry , 2000, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[19]  Xiaohong Shen,et al.  Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalizer for Underwater Wireless Communication , 2009, 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing.

[20]  Lisheng Zhou,et al.  The cooperative array performance experiment: A joint China-US vector field experiment. , 2010 .

[21]  Wang Zhaohui.  A robust frequency offset estimation scheme for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing in time-varying and multipath underwater channels , 2009 .