Characteristics of organic material in Huangpu River and treatability with the O3-BAC process

This work investigated the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the source water from Huangpu River and treatability by the pre-ozonation, coagulation, filtration, post-ozonation and biologically activated carbon (BAC) process. The molecular weight distribution and DOC of each fraction obtained from membrane filters were analyzed. The results showed that the <3 kDa fraction contained mainly DOM from the raw water sample, suggesting that the water had been highly contaminated by anthropogenic activities. The raw water contained more hydrophilic fraction and less hydrophobic fraction, especially the non-acid hydrophilic fraction. Since there was a higher content of DOM in the <3 kDa and non-acid hydrophilic fractions, chlorination of the Huangpu River water produced a greater trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), which indicated that the low molecular weight DOM and hydrophilic fractions were the major disinfection by-product precursors in the chlorine disinfection process. However, these DOM fractions cannot be effectively removed through conventional water treatment. The combined pre- and post-ozonation BAC process showed better removal efficiency of DOM and DBPFP compared to the conventional process. Furthermore, positive activity and dose-related effect was observed in the raw water extracts and no genetoxicity was observed for the sample from BAC in the Ames test. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the advanced O3-BAC process is a better alternative for the treatment of drinking water from Huangpu River.

[1]  J. McCarthy,et al.  Effect of dissolved humic material on accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Structure-activity relationships , 1985 .

[2]  R. D. Morris,et al.  Chlorination, chlorination by-products, and cancer: a meta-analysis. , 1992, American journal of public health.

[3]  B. Ames,et al.  Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. , 1983, Mutation research.

[4]  S. Masten,et al.  The effects of combined ozonation and filtration on disinfection by-product formation. , 2005, Water research.

[5]  P. Chiang,et al.  NOM characteristics and treatabilities of ozonation processes. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[6]  R. Bailey,et al.  Evaluation of Ozone/Biological Treatment for Disinfection Byproducts Control and Biologically Stable Water , 1993 .

[7]  Lei Li,et al.  Effects of activated carbon characteristics on the simultaneous adsorption of aqueous organic micropollutants and natural organic matter. , 2005, Water research.

[8]  P. Martikainen,et al.  Disinfection by-products in Finnish drinking waters. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[9]  Mi Hyung Kim,et al.  Characterization of NOM in the Han River and evaluation of treatability using UF-NF membrane. , 2005, Environmental research.

[10]  R. Sadiq,et al.  Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and predictive models for their occurrence: a review. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[11]  H. Gallard,et al.  Chlorination of natural organic matter: kinetics of chlorination and of THM formation. , 2002, Water research.

[12]  R. Rhodes Trussell,et al.  The Formation of Trihalomethanes. , 1978 .

[13]  E. Thurman,et al.  Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances. , 1981, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  P. Bérubé,et al.  Removal of disinfection by-product precursors with ozone-UV advanced oxidation process. , 2005, Water research.

[15]  Alicia C. Diehl,et al.  Ozonation and BDOC removal: effect on water quality , 1997 .

[16]  D. Burrini,et al.  Formation and Removal of Biodegradable Ozonation By-Products during Ozonation-Biofiltration Treatment: Pilot-Scale Evaluation , 1999 .

[17]  G. E. Speitel,et al.  Fate of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon produced by ozonation on biological activated carbon. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[18]  Carlo Vandecasteele,et al.  Removal of pollutants from surface water and groundwater by nanofiltration: overview of possible applications in the drinking water industry. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[19]  Frans Knops,et al.  Impact of coagulation pH on enhanced removal of natural organic matter in treatment of reservoir water , 2006 .

[20]  Ying-Shih Ma,et al.  Reducing the formation of disinfection by-products by pre-ozonation. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[21]  P M Huck,et al.  Biodegradation of aquatic organic matter with reference to drinking water treatment. , 1992, The Science of the total environment.

[22]  A. Yavich,et al.  Use of Ozonation and FBT to control THM precursors , 2003 .

[23]  W. Nishijima,et al.  DOC removal by multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment. , 2003, Water research.

[24]  P. Chiang,et al.  Characteristics of organic precursors and their relationship with disinfection by-products. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[25]  J. Gu,et al.  Molecular size distribution of dissolved organic matter in water of the Pearl River and trihalomethane formation characteristics with chlorine and chlorine dioxide treatments. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[26]  J. Kaldor,et al.  An empirical approach to the statistical analysis of mutagenesis data from the Salmonella test. , 1982, Mutation research.

[27]  Gary L. Amy,et al.  Molecular Size Distributions of Dissolved Organic Matter , 1992 .

[28]  S. Banerji,et al.  Relationship of chlorine decay and THMs formation to NOM size. , 2003, Journal of hazardous materials.

[29]  Diane M. McKnight,et al.  Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins , 1992 .

[30]  T. Lekkas,et al.  Kinetics of the formation and decomposition of chlorination by-products in surface waters , 2004 .

[31]  G. Choppin,et al.  Spectroscopic and chemical characterizations of molecular size fractionated humic acid. , 1999, Talanta.