Optical and electronic applications of sculptured thin films

As sculptured thin films (STFs) have a nano-engineered morphology (comprising 3 - 5 nm clusters) STFs with desired electromagnetic properties in the optical, infrared, millimeter wave and even microwave regimes can be tailored. With the development of specialized fabrication techniques on the upswing, device-oriented studies on STFs are gaining impetus. We focus on five possible applications of STFs: (1) laser mirrors and notch filters, (2) rugate-like filters, (3) optical gas concentration sensors, (4) optical interconnects, and (5) ultra-low permittivity barriers.