Optimizing design method of observing system

The invention relates to an optimizing design method of an observing system for geophysical exploration. The optimizing design method comprises the following steps of when the imaging travel of a target body is tracked by rays, converting a speed model to obtain a root mean square speed field, simulating shooting for a primarily proposed observing system, ensuring a full-coverage area to cover all target bodies, performing the integral pre-stack time migration on a shot-geophone pair in the root mean square speed field, obtaining the effective coverage spectrum of the target bodies, and selecting the proposed observing system with high coverage times, so as to complete the optimizing design of the observing system. The optimizing design method has the advantage that the illumination intensity of the observing system on underground complicated mediums is quickly and accurately calculated, so the qualities of different observing systems are evaluated, and the effect is good.