Experimental study of incipient motion in mixed‐size sediment

Transport rates of five sediments were measured in a laboratory flume. Three of these sediments had the same mean size, the same size distribution shape, and different values of grain size distribution standard deviation. The critical shear stress for incipient motion of the individual size fractions within these sediments was estimated as that shear stress that produced a small dimensionless transport rate. The sorting of the sediment mixture had little effect on the critical shear stress of individual fractions, once the median size (D50) of the mixture and a fraction's relative size (Di/D50) are accounted for. Our data, combined with previously published data, show a remarkably consistent relation between the critical shear stress of individual fractions and the fraction's relative grain size, despite a broad variation in the available data of mixture sorting, grain size distribution shape, mean grain size, and grain shape. All fractions in a size mixture begin moving at close to the same value of bed shear stress during steady state transport conditions. This result is apparently true for transport systems where the transport rates of individual fractions are determined solely by the flow and bed sediment (recirculating systems), as well as for systems where the fractional transport rates are imposed on the system (feed systems). This equivalence in initial-motion results is important because natural transporting systems often show attributes of both types of behavior in an unknown combination.

[1]  Peter R. Wilcock,et al.  Methods for Estimating the Critical Shear Stress of Individual Fractions in Mixed-Size Sediment , 1988 .

[2]  J. Smith,et al.  Calculations of the critical shear stress for motion of uniform and heterogeneous sediments , 1987 .

[3]  P. Komar,et al.  Laboratory measurements of pivoting angles for applications to selective entrainment of gravel in a current , 1986 .

[4]  R. J. Garde,et al.  Bed Load Transport of Coarse Nonuniform Sediment , 1984 .

[5]  D. N. Langhorne,et al.  A comparison between Shields' threshold criterion and the movement of loosely packed gravel in a tidal channel , 1984 .

[6]  E. Andrews.  Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material , 1983 .

[7]  P. Klingeman,et al.  Bedload and Size Distribution in Paved Gravel-Bed Streams , 1983 .

[8]  P. Klingeman,et al.  On why gravel bed streams are paved , 1982 .

[9]  G. Parker.  HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY OF ACTIVE GRAVEL RIVERS , 1979 .

[10]  Martin C. Miller,et al.  Threshold of sediment motion under unidirectional currents , 1977 .

[11]  Peter Ackers,et al.  Sediment Transport: New Approach and Analysis , 1973 .

[12]  Robert T. Milhous,et al.  Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream , 1973 .

[13]  V. Vanoni,et al.  Temperature Effects in Low-Transport, Flat-Bed Flows , 1972 .

[14]  L. W. Larson,et al.  Snow Fence Shielding of Precipitation Gages , 1971 .

[15]  John O. Norrman,et al.  TRANSPORT VELOCITIES OF INDIVIDUAL SIZE FRACTIONS IN HETEROGENEOUS BED LOAD , 1969 .

[16]  R. Byrne,et al.  THE ANGLE OF REPOSE FOR A SINGLE GRAIN ON A FIXED ROUGH BED , 1966 .

[17]  I. V. Egiazaroff,et al.  Calculation of Nonuniform Sediment Concentrations , 1965 .

[18]  Norman H. Brooks,et al.  Laboratory studies of the roughness and suspended load of alluvial streams , 1957 .

[19]  Peter R. Wilcock,et al.  Bed-load transport of mixed-size sediment , 1987 .

[20]  P. Carling.  Threshold of coarse sediment transport in broad and narrow natural streams , 1983 .

[21]  H. Stefan,et al.  BEDLOAD TRANSPORT IN A MODEL GRAVEL STREAM. , 1980 .

[22]  T. Day.  A Study of Initial Motion Characteristics of Particles in Graded Bed Materials , 1980 .

[23]  T. Day,et al.  A study of the transport of graded sediments , 1980 .

[24]  Robert L. Folk,et al.  Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks , 1974 .

[25]  A. Shields,et al.  Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement , 1936 .