Magnets in medicine

Abstract As permanent magnet materials have developed, attempts have been made to take advantage of their improved properties in medical applications. Uses of magnets in medical applications range from their simple use for retention, through orthopaedics and fracture healing, to magnetomotive artificial hearts and pioneering brain surgery, where magnets are used to guide catheters. Magnets also find use in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and drug delivery systems. This overview, based on an extensive review of the literature, chronicles the development of magnets in medicine and summarises areas where future research will be beneficial.

[1]  A. Barker,et al.  The effects of pulsed magnetic fields of the type used in the stimulation of bone fracture healing. , 1983, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[2]  T. Pilot,et al.  PERIODONTAL HEALTH IN A POPULATION EXPOSED TO CONVENTIONAL DENTAL-CARE , 1983 .

[3]  M. Sagawa,et al.  New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited) , 1984 .

[4]  I. R. Harris,et al.  Magnets in prosthetic dentistry. , 2001, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print).

[5]  J E Rubenstein,et al.  Attachments used for implant-supported facial prostheses: a survey of United States, Canadian, and Swedish centers. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[6]  S K Hilal,et al.  Magnetically guided devices for vascular exploration and treatment. , 1974, Radiology.

[7]  K. Widder,et al.  Magnetic Microspheres: A Model System for Site Specific Drug Delivery in Vivo 1 , 1978, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[8]  G. Hoffer,et al.  A Family of New Cobalt‐Base Permanent Magnet Materials , 1967 .

[9]  L. Bondemark,et al.  Attractive magnets for orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth. , 1997, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.

[10]  K. Strnat,et al.  Rare earth-cobalt permanent magnets near the 2-17 composition , 1976 .

[11]  Jean Nadeau.  Maxillofacial prosthesis with magnetic stabilizers , 1956 .

[12]  R. Wang.  Sectional prosthesis for total maxillectomy patients: a clinical report. , 1997, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[13]  P. J. Sandler,et al.  Unerupted Premolars—An Alternative Approach , 1991, British journal of orthodontics.

[14]  M. Chambers,et al.  Technique for magnetic placement and orientation of a facial prosthesis. , 1996, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[16]  J. McCartney.  Osseointegrated implant-supported and magnetically retained ear prosthesis: a clinical report. , 1991, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[17]  S McCormick,et al.  Distraction osteogenesis. , 1996, Dentistry today.

[18]  K. Strnat.  The hard-magnetic properties of rare earth-transition metal alloys , 1972 .

[19]  M. Georgarakis,et al.  Acyclovir serum concentrations following peroral administration of magnetic depot tablets and the influence of extracorporal magnets to control gastrointestinal transit. , 1998, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[20]  D. A. Roth.  Occlusion of Intracranial Aneurysms by Ferromagnetic Thrombi , 1969 .

[21]  J. Sandy,et al.  Distraction osteogenesis--a review , 1998, British Dental Journal.

[22]  V. Parsonnet,et al.  Magnetic materials as biological implants--Criteria for selection , 1973 .

[23]  Christian Bergemann,et al.  Physiological aspects in magnetic drug-targeting , 1999 .

[24]  P. J. Sandler,et al.  Magnets and Orthodontics , 1989, British journal of orthodontics.

[25]  Judy S. Riffle,et al.  Synthesis of silicone magnetic fluid for use in eye surgery , 1999 .

[26]  J. Bentson,et al.  Ferromagnetic silicone necrosis of hypernephromas by selective vascular occlusion to the tumor: a new technique. , 1975, The Journal of urology.

[27]  Frederick E. Pinkerton,et al.  Pr‐Fe and Nd‐Fe‐based materials: A new class of high‐performance permanent magnets (invited) , 1984 .

[28]  J. Coey,et al.  Magnetic properties of a new family of ternary rare‐earth iron nitrides R2Fe17N3−δ (invited) , 1991 .

[29]  J. Rubenstein,et al.  Two-piece orbital prosthesis. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[30]  E. Frei,et al.  Measurements of the emptying of the stomach with a magnetic tracer material , 1970 .

[31]  E. Frei,et al.  Ferrites as Contrast Material for Medical X‐Ray Diagnosis , 1968 .

[32]  A. Caputo,et al.  The interaction of a magnetically retained denture with osseointegrated implants. , 1988, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[33]  J. E. Robinson.  Magnets for the retention of a sectional intraoral prosthesis: A case history , 1963 .

[34]  M. Ilan,et al.  The safety of dental mini-magnets in patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[35]  J. Driller,et al.  Kinetics of magnetically guided catheters , 1970 .

[36]  K. Thomas.  Freestanding magnetic retention for extraoral prosthesis with osseointegrated implants. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[37]  P. J. Sandler,et al.  Micro-magnetic Retainers: An Attractive Solution to Fixed Retention , 1991, British journal of orthodontics.

[38]  A M Blechman,et al.  Magnetic force systems in orthodontics. Clinical results of a pilot study. , 1985, American journal of orthodontics.

[39]  G. Fischer,et al.  Magnetic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract. , 1977, Radiology.

[40]  R. Newbower,et al.  Magnetic fluids in the blood , 1973 .

[41]  J J Gary,et al.  Retention designs for bone-anchored facial prostheses. , 1993, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[42]  A. Blechman,et al.  Magnetic force in orthodontics. , 1978, American journal of orthodontics.

[43]  P. G. Morris,et al.  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine and Biology , 1986 .

[44]  N Javid,et al.  The use of magnets in a maxillofacial prosthesis. , 1971, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[45]  K. Thomas.  Compromise in prosthetic treatment of orofacial defects: a clinical report. , 1996, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[46]  K. Widder,et al.  Magnetic guidance of drug‐carrying microspheres , 1978 .

[47]  D. Givord.  Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , 2001 .

[48]  M. Chambers,et al.  Technique for magnet replacement in silicone facial prostheses. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print).

[49]  J. M. D. Coey,et al.  Improved magnetic properties by treatment of iron-based rare earth intermetallic compounds in anmonia , 1990 .

[50]  D R Federick,et al.  A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator. , 1976, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[51]  S. Hilal,et al.  POD Catheter: A Means for Small Vessel Exploration , 1969 .

[52]  O. Kuznetsov,et al.  Metal-organic magnetic materials based on cobalt phthalocyanine and possibilities of their application in medicine , 1999 .

[53]  Yousef Haik,et al.  Development of magnetic device for cell separation , 1999 .

[54]  S. Barold,et al.  Normal and abnormal function of the pacemaker magnetic reed switch. , 1976, Journal of electrocardiology.

[55]  S. Parel,et al.  Fabrication of facial prostheses by applying the osseointegration concept for retention. , 1989, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print).