Tuning the chemistry of organic-nitrogen compounds for promoting all-organic anionic rechargeable batteries.

The ever-increasing demand for rechargeable batteries induces significant pressure on the worldwide metal supply, depleting resources and arising cost and environmental issues. In that framework, developing the chemistry of anion-inserting electrode organic materials could promote the fabrication of molecular (metal-free) rechargeable batteries. However, few examples are reported because little effort has been made to develop such anionic-ion batteries. Here we show the design of two anionic host electrode materials based on N-substituted salts of azaaromatics (zwitterions). A combination of NMR, EDS, FTIR spectroscopies coupled with thermal analyses and single-crystal XRD allowed a thorough structural and chemical characterization of the compounds. Thanks to a reversible electrochemical anion-de-insertion process at ~2.2 V vs Li+/Li, the coupling with dilithium 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate (Li2DAnT) as the positive electrode enabled the fabrication of the first all-organic anionic rechargeable batteries based on crystallized host electrode materials capable of delivering a specific capacity of ~27 mAh/gelectrodes with a stable cycling over dozen of cycles (~24 Wh/kgelectrodes).

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