Learning and memory for visual frozen noise sequences

In each experiment, human observers saw samples of 8 Hz temporally modulated 1D or 2D contrast noise sequences that were either uncorrelated across an entire one-second long stimulus sequence, or comprised two frozen noise sequences that repeated identically between a stimulus' first and second 500 ms halves ("Repeated" noise). Presented with randomly intermixed stimuli of both types, observers were asked to judge whether each sequence repeated or not. Additionally, a particular sample of Repeated noise (a frozen or "Fixed Repeated" noise) was interspersed multiple times within a block of trials.

[1]  Michael S. Ambinder,et al.  Change blindness , 1997, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[2]  B L Beard,et al.  Detection in fixed and random noise in foveal and parafoveal vision explained by template learning. , 1999, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  I. Pollack,et al.  Memory for auditory waveform. , 1972, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[4]  Christian Kaernbach,et al.  The memory of noise. , 2004, Experimental psychology.

[5]  David J. Heeger,et al.  Spatiotemporal mechanisms for detecting and identifying image features in human vision , 2002, Nature Neuroscience.

[6]  Vicky G Bruce,et al.  Violations of Symmetry and Repetition in Visual Patterns , 1975 .

[7]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. , 1977 .

[8]  G. Alvarez Representing multiple objects as an ensemble enhances visual cognition , 2011, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[9]  H. Barlow,et al.  The versatility and absolute efficiency of detecting mirror symmetry in random dot displays , 1979, Vision Research.

[10]  Miguel P Eckstein,et al.  Classification images: a tool to analyze visual strategies. , 2002, Journal of vision.

[11]  Robert O. Gjerdingen,et al.  The psychology of music , 2002 .

[12]  J. L. Brown Visual Sensitivity , 1974 .

[13]  I Pollack Depth of visual information processing. , 1973, Acta psychologica.

[14]  Gert Kootstra,et al.  Predicting Eye Fixations on Complex Visual Stimuli Using Local Symmetry , 2011, Cognitive Computation.

[15]  Béla Julesz,et al.  Visual Pattern Discrimination , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[16]  Vance Zemon,et al.  Development of Contrast Mechanisms in Humans: A VEP Study , 2009, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[17]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Seeing patterns in the noise , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[18]  Michael A. Cohen,et al.  Auditory recognition memory is inferior to visual recognition memory , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[19]  Ronald A. Rensink,et al.  Change blindness: past, present, and future , 2005, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[20]  R. Shapley,et al.  “Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex V1 , 2009, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[21]  Fang Fang,et al.  V1 responses to different types of luminance histogram contrast , 2010 .

[22]  Hubert D Zimmer,et al.  Auditory and visual spatial working memory , 2006, Memory & cognition.

[23]  R. Shapley,et al.  Generation of Black-Dominant Responses in V1 Cortex , 2010, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[24]  J A Bashford,et al.  When acoustic sequences are not perceptual sequences: The global perception of auditory patterns , 1993, Perception & psychophysics.

[25]  Timothy L Hubbard,et al.  Auditory imagery: empirical findings. , 2010, Psychological bulletin.

[26]  Michael J Kahana,et al.  Current Directions in Psychological Science In press A stimulus-oriented approach to memory , 2007 .

[27]  G. Woodman,et al.  Storage of features, conjunctions and objects in visual working memory. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[28]  W. A. Phillips On the distinction between sensory storage and short-term visual memory , 1974 .

[29]  J. Wagemans,et al.  Detection of visual symmetries. , 1995, Spatial vision.

[30]  Juha Silvanto,et al.  The role of the human extrastriate visual cortex in mirror symmetry discrimination: A TMS-adaptation study , 2011, Brain and Cognition.

[31]  Michael J Kahana,et al.  Auditory Short-Term Memory Behaves Like Visual Short-Term Memory , 2007, PLoS biology.

[32]  Michael J. Kahana,et al.  Foundations of Human Memory , 2012 .

[33]  Billy Lee,et al.  Contrast Transfer Characteristics of Visual Short-term Memory , 1996, Vision Research.

[34]  B. Jenkins,et al.  Redundancy in the perception of bilateral symmetry in dot textures , 1982, Perception & psychophysics.

[35]  H. Wilson Spatiotemporal characterization of a transient mechanism in the human visual system , 1980, Vision Research.

[36]  Bela Julesz,et al.  Lower Limits of Auditory Periodicity Analysis , 1963 .

[37]  B L Beard,et al.  Image discrimination models predict detection in fixed but not random noise. , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[38]  Daniel Pressnitzer,et al.  Rapid Formation of Robust Auditory Memories: Insights from Noise , 2010, Neuron.