Electron Conducting Adducts of Water-Soluble Redox Polyelectrolytes and Enzymes.

Biochemical fluxes were transduced to electrical currents through catalytic centers of oxidoreductases, that were electrically connected to electrodes with crosslinked hydrogel forming redox polymers. The enzymes were covalently bound to the hydrogels through which the electrons diffuse. The electron diffusion coefficients, reaching 10−8 cm2sec−1 in the redox polymer gels, were high enough to allow efficient collection of the electrons transferred during the electrooxidation or electroreduction of substrates. The adequate electron diffusion through the polymer skeleton of the hydrogel and the rapid diffusion of water-soluble substrates and products in the gels led to high current density enzyme electrodes. These included electrodes with electrically connected flavoenzymes (e.g., sarcosine, glutamate, lactate and glucose oxidases), quinoprotein enzymes (e.g., PQQ glucose dehydrogenase) and heme enzymes (e.g. peroxidases). The peroxidase electrodes were useful in the sensing of NAD(P)H that reacted with oxygen in the presence of N-methyl phenazonium salts to form NAD(P)+ and H2O2.

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