Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production

Abstract Biodiesel could be produced from triglycerides and dimethyl carbonate, instead of the conventional methanol, in this non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate method. It was demonstrated that, supercritical dimethyl carbonate method successfully converted triglycerides as well as fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with glycerol carbonate, a higher value by-product compared to the conventional glycerol. The FAME are high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method, and satisfy the international standard for use as biodiesel fuel. In this study, therefore, optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was discussed to include all important key parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties. The optimum condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was determined at 300 °C/20 MPa/20 min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil to have satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4 wt%. Conclusively, this study showed the importance to address all those key parameters in order to produce high quality biodiesel from supercritical dimethyl carbonate method.

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